War on Drugs Essay -- Papers Narcotics Drug Society Essays

I. Thesis and Literature Summary In our contemporary society, the media constantly bombards us with horror stories about drugs give care crack-cocaine. From them, and probably from no other source, we learn that crack is immediately addictive in every case, we learn that it causes corruption, crazed violence, and almost always leads to death. The government tells us that we are busy fighting a war on drugs and so it gives us various iconic models to despise and detest we learn to stereotype inner-city minorities as being of drug-infested wastelands and we learn to witchhunt drug users within our own communities under the belief that they represent moral sin and pure evil. I believe that these titles and ideals are lopsided and based entirely upon unnecessary and even detrimental ideals promoted by the government to achieve purposes other than those they claim. In Craig Renarmans and call forth Levines article entitled The Crack set upon Politics and Media in America s Latest Drug Scare, the authors attempts to expose and to deal with some of the societal problems that have related from the over-exaggeration of crack-cocaine as an epidemic problem in our country. Without detracting maintenance away from the serious health risks for those few individuals who do use the drug, Renarman and Levine demonstrate how minimally detrimental the current epidemic actually is. Early in the article, the authors summarise crack-cocaines evolutionary history in the U.S. They specifically discuss how the crack-related deaths of two star-athletes fist called wide-spread attention to the problem during the mid-1980s. Since then, the government has reportedly used crack-cocaine as a semipolitical scapegoat for many of... ...d substance. Conclusively, we should allow drugs like crack-cocaine receive to their due attention as social problems, but let them receive no more than that .V. ReferencesDAngelo, Ed. (1994, September). The example Cultureof Drug Prohibition. Humanist., 54, p. 3.Dorfman, Lori-Wallack, Lawrence. (1993, November). Advertising Health The Case for Counter-Ads. Public Health Reports., 108, p. 716.Johnson, Bruce-Golub, Andrew et al. (1995, July). Careers in crack, drugs use, drug distribution, and nondrug criminality., Crime & Delinquency, 41, p. 275.Perrine, Daniel. (1994, October 15). The View From Platform Zero How Holland Handles its Drug Problem. America., 171, p. 9.Renarman, Craig & Levine, Harry G. The Crack Attack Politics and Media in Americas Latest Drug Scare, *From Montclair State Univ. Library

Perl: A Popular Scripting Language :: Computers

Perl A Popular Scripting LanguagePerl was created under strange circumstances, it was never think to be a widely used public language but the features it provided caused many programmers to crave for more. Larry Wall initially created Perl to produce reports from a Usenet-news-like hierarchy of files for a bug-reporting system. 1 Apparentlyawk and sed could not handle the task. Larry decided to fix this problem with a C application now known as Perl, Practical origination and Report Language. Perl grew at the same rate as the UNIX operating system. It became portable as new features were added. Perl now has extensive documentation available in contrary man pages. Perl is growing now just as every widely used programming language.Perl is known for its management of data. It ordure manipulate files and directories and manage tasks. It can easily analyze results from some other applications including sorting large files that would take a human a long time. Perl is genera lly used for its scripting abilities. String manipulation is ofttimes smoother using Perl than using imperative languages like Java and C. The data representation of numeric data in Perl is a little different than otherlanguages. All numeric data is a double precision floating point value in Perl. For this reason it would not be a honourable idea to solve complex mathematical problems with Perl because it would be much slower than using a regular imperative language. String values are periods of characters as in most other languages. The convention for scalar variable identifiers is a dollar sign followed by a character followed by a sequence of underscores and alphanumeric values. Scalar variables can contain a single value representing a number, string, or reference. For example $a = hello is just as well-grounded as $b1 = 3.4. Perl has numerous built in functions and it allows for user defined shooterprograms. Subprograms are an example of data abstraction. To define a subprogram you use the convention if sub subname statements . To pass parameters you call subname(arg1, arg2). To access the parameters is a little different, you must get the values from the temporary _ array. The _ array is private to the subprogram. Subprograms can return variables and can adopt their own private variables. Perl can have input from files and keyboards and can have output to files and screens.

Free College Admissions Essays: Leader and Leadership :: College Admissions Essays

College Admissions How would you Describe a Leader and Leadership A signifi goatt luck of effective loss leadershiphip is the close connection between the leader and the follower, which often determines the success of the leaders mission. Unfortunately, this leader-follower relationship c strikeot be created according to some simple formula. Young leaders of today face special challenges as they try to communicate and interact with their followers and potential followers. By exploring global perspectives, human diversity, and ethics, young leaders can take yet another step forward in their go badment and preparation for twenty-first century leadership. Globalization has umpteen implications for leadership today and in the future. Global perspectives are being spread to the farthest points in the world and to the most isolated citizenry. People of different cultures come to the United States daily to live, travel, or engage in business. Leaders must respond to this challenge of globalization so they can effectively reach out to as many people as possible. Opening themselves to the worlds changes allows leaders to compare and contrast their culture with the arts, language, beliefs, customs, philosophies, and ways of living of other people. By observing and questioning another culture, leaders can understand the origin of an individuals viewpoints and become more sensitive to the cultural needs of that individual. By continually exposing themselves to other cultures, young leaders can thoroughly develop this global perspective and devote themselves to making connections with the entire world. On a more individual level, openness to human diversity plays a role in adjusting to the changes of the future. People are discovering that even within cultures, individuals come from diverse backgrounds, have different personalities, and prefer different ways of life. Young leaders can work out a stronger relationship with their followers as they enhance their o wn appreciation for human diversity. As people become more diverse, leaders must learn how to communicate with them as individuals if a vision is to be shared, a cohesive group to be formed, and a goal to be achieved. Despite differences in opinions, the leader and followers can work together to complement each other as they move toward the mission of the group. By exposing themselves to all kinds of situation and communicating with many types of people, young leaders can develop an appreciation of human diversity. Conflicts caused by differences among individuals personalities and cultures have created many ethical issues, and the number will only increase in this global society.

Judgment in the House of Sand and Fog by Andre Dubus Essay example --

People place judgment on one an another(prenominal) every day based on differences. sometimes it is done subconsciously sometimes it is done on purpose. In the book The House of Sand and Fog, by Andre Dubus III, two different elaborations were represented Kathy represented the culture of the western civilization, whereas Behrani represented the culture of Persians. People judge one another based on unimportant things, and get judged based on those same things as well. Two cultures were used to amplify how different their cultures were from one another. Throughout the book cultures vocalized what they did not like about the other cultures by placing judgment on plenty based on ethnicity, appearance, and status despite how different the cultures were, they had something in common, negative judgment. In a world where there is so much diversity, the only focussing for every(prenominal) cultures to get along is to place judgments aside and deport the differences.The book is int roduced with Behrani placing judgment on the people he works with. He is judging the other people based on their race, and their status. Behrani refers to the men he works with as if they dont deserve to even be in his presence. He is goh, the shit of life. They are all goh, (pg 16). Even though many of the men he works with do not deserve to be regarded so low, Behrani judges them as he would if he still maintained the position he had in Iran as a colonel. Behrani and his family also judge Kathy for being American. When Behrani explains to his son the situation their family is now a discover of he explains it in a way that is judging of Americans. He says, Remember what I hire told you of so many Americans they are not disciplined and have not the courage to take responsibility ... ...g, like it was in the book The House of Sand and Fog. Much of the outcome of the book was based on the position that judgments were made, had judgment not been made about status, Kathy ma y not have cared so much about getting that house back, had Behrani not been judged based on status, he may have not bought that home. Cultures judge one another every day, and people within those cultures judge each other as well. This ageless judging of others and of ones self is what causes people to be unhappy in the first place. The only way to live happily within ones culture, and in the world of many cultures, is to accept that each culture and person is different, which is what makes each culture and person so special the only way to live happily in ones life, is to accept and embrace differences.Works CitedDubus, Andre. House of Sand and Fog. New York Norton, 1999

Bush :: essays research papers

American GovernmentBushs Address      forrader this speech I didnt know what to think about Bush as a president. After reading his speech my view on him has changed greatly. not only did talk about the American people exactly also other countries. Through out his speech he pleased both the anti-war Americans but the pro-war Americans also.Bush has a lot of respect, or valor for saying that "the United States respects the people of Afghanistan--after all, we are currently its largest source of human-centered aid--but we condemn the Taliban regime". It shows that he has his thoughts all collected and he is not rushing and attacking and putting blame on the people of Afganistan. He equable has concerned for them, that they are just repressing their own people     He tried to please every American by being saying there get out be a war but not like other wars. By saying Our response involves far more than instance requital and isolat ed strikes. Americans should not expect one battle, but a lengthy campaign unlike any other we have even seen. He went on to say that its not a war against Afganistan but a war on terrorists. I liked how bush puts his foot down and threatens the Taliban. Demanding them to faithful permanently every terrorist training camp and hand over every terrorist and everyone who participated to the proper authority. Saying that his demands are not open to negotiation or intervention so they must turn in the terrorists or "or they will share in their fate. He is threatening them but also has enough bravery to do it considering what they have already doneIn the last part of his speech he goes on how "we will come together to strengthen American and so on then how he hopes that in the months ahead life returns to almost normal but how "our resolve must not pass". We will always remember that day and to whom it happened. I also liked how Bush showed the police shield of a man nam ed George Howard, who died at the W. trade center seek to save others and how "This is my reminder of lives that ended, and a task that does not end. Then he ends it with how he will not yield, will not rest for the freedom and warranter for the

Bush :: essays research papers

American GovernmentBushs Address      forrader this speech I didnt know what to think about Bush as a president. After reading his speech my view on him has changed greatly. not only did talk about the American people hardly also other countries. Through out his speech he pleased both the anti-war Americans but the pro-war Americans also.Bush has a lot of respect, or valor for saying that "the United States respects the people of Afghanistan--after all, we are currently its largest source of do-gooder aid--but we condemn the Taliban regime". It shows that he has his thoughts all collected and he is not rushing and attacking and putting blame on the people of Afganistan. He tranquilize has concerned for them, that they are just repressing their own people     He tried to please every American by being saying thither ordain be a war but not like other wars. By saying Our response involves far more than instance vengeance and isolate d strikes. Americans should not expect one battle, but a lengthy campaign unlike any other we have even seen. He went on to say that its not a war against Afganistan but a war on terrorists. I liked how bush puts his foot down and threatens the Taliban. Demanding them to fill permanently every terrorist training camp and hand over every terrorist and everyone who participated to the proper authority. Saying that his demands are not open to negotiation or news so they must turn in the terrorists or "or they will share in their fate. He is threatening them but also has enough bravery to do it considering what they have already doneIn the last part of his speech he goes on how "we will come together to strengthen American and so on then how he hopes that in the months ahead life returns to almost normal but how "our resolve must not pass". We will always remember that day and to whom it happened. I also liked how Bush showed the police shield of a man named George How ard, who died at the W. trade center difficult to save others and how "This is my reminder of lives that ended, and a task that does not end. Then he ends it with how he will not yield, will not rest for the freedom and auspices for the

Comparing Quality With Quantity Of Education For Development Economics Essay

Education plays a major function in the part of economic development of every state. Education is considered to be really of issue as it generates demand for high rates of labour ingestion and labour productivity. It anyways helps in deriving free economic returns through high productiveness and incomes of the slew. Education besides enhances accomplishments and cognition of the flow force ( Woodward et al. , 2000 OECD, 1994 Bloom et al. , 2006 ) .The states with good developed bidding trunks besides service by increasing the proportion of the working population and promote them to stay in the work force. A good dictation system in a state besides helps to keep competitory place in the planetary economic system and minimizes the impact of un recitation than states that have non invested in such preparation ( dry land Bank, 1990 Economic development indexs, 2007 ) .Education besides helps in accomplishing a higher(prenominal) criterion of life and enhances the accompli shments and cognition of hoi polloi. It besides contri move ones and benefits the population from the scientific and technological progresss in the signifier of new merchandises and procedures which may in turn consequence in higher net incomes of people and lead to economic development ( Stevens and Weale, 2003 ) .However, it can non be denied that people need to better and update their accomplishments and cognition to vie in the progressively knowledge based economic system, as a consequence of which it becomes prerequisite for people to set about both qualitative and quantitative didactics and preparation ( Woodward et al. , 2000 ) .The caliber and treasure of instruction offered may change from state to state, but instruction is considered to be really of import as it is considered to be a major subscriber of economic suppuration. Even in Australia, instruction is one of the largest industries which precede to about 6 per centum of GDP and the sum spent by the politicia ns and educational curates in Australia is based with the quality of end product. The regime bursary on instruction during the 90 s was about $ 17.6bn and the outgo made by persons and houses was about $ 4.7bn. Australia s instruction system is besides considered to be of good quality criterion and besides attracts big pupils from different states. ( Becker and Lewis, 1993 Burke, 1992 cited in Marginson, 1993 Australian authorities, 2008 ) .However, there has been a batch of argument in the literature as to whether the quality of instruction is of import of the measure for a state s economic development.( Link and Ratledge, 1975 Marginson, 1993 Woodward et Al, 2000 Bloom et al. 2006 ) states that, it is of import for people to h centenarian high quality of instruction as it encourages the population to strike more instruction which will take to economic development of a state. This is because high quality of instruction helps people to develop more accomplishments and cogni tion and therefore, increases the productiveness of people which in bend has big impact on the net incomes and economic exploitation. The writers further provinces that, in order to acquire accurate estimations of returns from the quality of instruction, it is of import to mensurate quality which can be done by quantitative indexs i.e. graduation rates or achievement tonss of people.One of the states that illustrate the importance of quality of instruction is Singapore, where the per capita GDP grew at the rate of 6.7 per centum between 1970 s and 1990 s. The chief ground for the addition in the GDP was due to the alterations in the instruction policy. The authorities s policy was focused on upgrading the quality of instruction and increasing the productiveness by bettering the accomplishments of people by using the school larning to existent founding jobs. This policy resulted in increased engagement of work force in the labour market with high cognition and accomplishments and t herefore, the quality of instruction contributed into the economic system by bring forthing a cognition driven work force taking to the economic development of the state ( Kozma, 2005 ) .However, ( Cheng and Ghulam, 1997 Lee, 2005 Barro, 2001 Sianesi and Reenen, 2002 Dowrick, 2002 ) contradicts this and states that measure of instruction contributes to about 0.44 per centum growing in a state s per capita GDP for every extra twelvemonth of schooling. Measure of instruction helps people attain more old ages of instruction and can gain higher rewards. Achieving more old ages of instruction is besides of import as higher degree of instruction is needed to run into the challenges of modify demands which are originating out of advanced cognition and engineerings.In developed states like Australia, more accents is being laid on the quality of instruction which leads to economic growing as at that place does non look to be much of a relationship between the degrees of instruction atta ined i.e. measure and economic growing. In such states more importance is given on the quality of instruction. This is because, people who do non possess plenty cognition and experience i.e. quality while go forthing or graduating from high schools and colleges find it hard to run into the demands of the labour market. These people may besides hold low productiveness and net incomes which may in bend have low impact on the economic development ( Pianalto, 2004 Bosworth and Collins, 2003 Arcaro, 1995 Marginson, 1993 and Barr, 2002 ) .However, ( Access Economics, 2005 World Bank, 1990 ) contradicts these positions and provinces that at that place seems to be a relationship between achieving higher degrees of instruction and economic growing. This is because, what a population learns may be different from what the employers may demand in the labor market. Achieving a low degree of instruction may besides gain really low returns to persons and to the economic system, while more old ages of instruction i.e. measure consequences in more skilled work force. Such skilled work force, in bend consequences in higher productiveness, higher engagement of people in the work force and higher employment in the state. The work force with more instruction brings a higher degree of accomplishment to the work topographic point. Hence, it increases the productiveness. It increases engagement of people as workers with higher accomplishments degrees are more likely to work. Hence, it increases engagement. Peoples who attain mote instruction are more likely to be employable and bask lower unemployment rates. The writer further adds that people who do non achieve more degrees of instruction, they are likely to gain lower norm returns as compared to those people who have attained more degrees of instruction. For case in Australia, in 1999, people who did non complete twelvemonth 12 make about 20 per centum less than those who completed. While people who attained university instru ction earned about 40 per centum more than those who completed twelvemonth 12 and about earned 75 per centum more than the least educated.Education delivers high wage to Australians set about OECDNet incomes of people by increased degree of instruction Average pay of those who finish school =100( Nam et al. , 1994 Temple, 2000 Muffels, 2008 ) further adds that, people with low old ages of instruction i.e. measure are more likely to acquire a impermanent occupation, peripheral occupation due to the deficiency in the accomplishments and cognition. This can lead in lower productiveness and lower net incomes of persons. While people who attain high degrees of instruction are more likely to hold a positive consequence on labor market and acquire lasting occupations, nucleus occupations. This is because, though the procedure of instruction takes clip and involves chance cost, nevertheless, the result from the drop in the old ages of schooling can be considered to be certain in a sense that those persons who undertake who attain higher degrees of instruction will be skilled laborers in future which will increase productiveness and lead to economic growing.But ( the economic experts, 1992 Link and Ratledge, 1975 ) are of the position that, both quality and measure are of import for economic development as a big proportion of uneducated may ensue in unemployment and people who do non finish their schools do non hold important impact on their net incomes. The people who attain quality of instruction besides better the accomplishments of people and as there is a mismatch between the accomplishments offered by the people and the accomplishments needed by labor markets, there is a demand for people to achieve measure degrees of higher instruction.In order to increase the quality and measure of instruction it is besides of import to account that, who pays for instruction.( Woodward et al. , 2000 Harrison, 1997 ) states that the authorities should bear the cost of inst ruction because if the authorities wages of instruction so it will better the quality and measure of instruction as more figure of people will be encouraged by the authorities to set about instruction. The sum of subsidy given by the authorities besides may impact the fees that persons pay for acquiring educated and therefore, will increase the demand for instruction.But if the authorities does non pay for instruction, it may impact the quality of instruction and besides may increase inequality in instruction. This is because if persons have to pay for instruction so they may see instruction as outgo and non as investing and hence, see a junior-grade issue which may raise poorness and unemployment in the state, which may restrict the economic growing of the state.

Biographical Reflection of John the Baptist

Biographical Reflection of a Saint- lav the Baptist Though such an cultivated man, non much is known of John the Baptists childhood. John, what a basic name right? Wrong, even the name of John was holy, for his name in Hebraic means, Jehovah is gracious. But moving on to his adult life, he pursued the life of a priest without ever being officially recognized as such. The greatest social occasion that occurred in his adult life was the Baptism of delivery boy Jesus, our Lord. However, very few people know that Jesus and John were relatives, cousins in fact. John did not know that Christ was the Messiah until the miracle at the Jordan River.When Jesus approached John and asked that he may be baptized in the way of the Lord, John said, Should it not be you master, who cleanses me. And Jesus replied, I am but a servant to you, not master. And with that, John agreed to baptize Christ, but as the water was poured out upon Christs head, the Holy Spirit was revealed. Known as the fir st disciple of the completed Christ, now unified with the Holy Spirit, John continued the mission of baptism. As for when he earned the nickname Son of Thunder, Christ gave the name to him, under rather adverse conditions.They were traveling together through Judea, and Christ was under ridicule. John felt they were being so unjust, so far from the best humanity could be, he asked the lord to wipe them out. At this point Christ prayed that God would pardon them, while telling John, no matter how unjust the Judeans were the Lord will never take life for his name. He was in some senses so closing curtain to divinity others asked whether he was the Messiah, however, he always replied, Ye yourselves bear me witness, that I said, I am not the Christ, but that I am sent before him.He that hath the bride is the bridegroom but the friends of the bridegroom, which stand and hear him, rejoice greatly because of the bridegrooms voice thus my joy therefore is fulfilled. He moldiness increase, but I must decrease. This showed his humble appreciation of Christ, by saying he must be known less, and Christ more. However shortly after the Miracle at the Jordan, king Herod for the spreadhead of as he put it, an unorthodox faith, arrested John. He spent two years in prison until he was released because of the new, changing Roman Empire.John ultimately went back to baptizing at the Jordan. This career was once again short lived however, for Salome, child of Herodias, demanded his death. And thus his fate was set in stone he was to be beheaded in A. D. 31. Once beheaded, his head was to be given to Salome on a silver platter, as a sign of disrespect. As for what I think, I whole tone the act of baptizing Jesus was the highest honor humanly possible. For this he was very lucky to be the one to perform so noble an act. As the first apotheosis I had ever known, John had a substantial impact on my life.As soon as I knew what Confirmation was, I knew I had to crash the first I had known, he with the greatest impact on me, John. I remember always feeling a sense of divinity whenever I cut an illustration of him baptizing Christ. As a child, I always wanted to obtain knowledge because of this I became increasingly familiar with him, even at an early age. The thing I liked about him the most as a child was how I shared his name. And so, this biographical reflection begins and ends with a name, John.

Were the Great Powers ready for war in 1914?

To be constitute for war the Great Powers would need a coarse military, both in array and navy, great agriculture and they would excessively need to be financially capable of supporting the expenses caused by the war. Further more than the Powers should be economically successful communitys and have well-grounded infrastructure to enable them to produce necessary weapons to fight the war. The politics of the nation and the moralistic of its people should alike be taken into account when entering the Great War.Being ready for war involves a large closedown of different aspects. The countrys military is a rattling important aspect to consider. The military of the nation is an positive aspect since a military involves a permanent, professional crash of soldiers or guerrillas trained exclusively for the persona of warfare. The size of it of the military depends on the number of men, the cavalry and the artillery the nation possess. Usually, the larger the military the more chance there is of winning the battle against the some different nation(s) since more men and equals more power or force. yet the motivation and the determination of the military also plays an important pct in the plausible outcome. some other important factor in deciding if the Powers were ready for war is their agriculture. If the nations external food sources from unlike countries were blocked the country would starve unless the agriculture is sufficient adequate to feed its people. To be ready for war the country should have the capability to survive for a period during the war by growing its own food. However the Powers should have land available to grow the food. Money also plays a significant part in deciding whether the Powers are ready for war. To be ready, the Powers should be financially capable to support their nation and its people. Also the cost of the war should not lead to nation bankruptcy.Prior to 1914, Wilhelm the second rejected Bismarcks careful foreign po licy and under went a period of military expansion both in armament and navy. The military expansion can be show as Germany being warlike and aggressive however a great military is needed to be ready of war. In 1906 the French army was a more train army than the Germans despite the fact that Germany had 10,000 more men. This did not go unnoticed and by 1914 Germanys army was estimated to around 2 million. Germany believed that the navy also plays an important part and Tirpitz, the head of the German navy, believed that Germany couldnt be seen as a world power without a operose navy. He wanted to make his navy two thirds the size of Britains so that he could challenge them. This also shows Germany being war like and aggressive. By 1906, he had 18 battleships (first class), 13 battleships (other class), 6 cruisers (first class), 24 cruisers (other class), 103 destroyers, subs mtbs and 35,500 officers and men.Having a supreme army is not enough to be ready for war, the soldiers sho uld be motivated and determined to fight. To improve soldier and citizen morale the German army was described as on that point was no such thing as the German army tho rather the 4 armies of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony and Wurttemberg1. This statement boosted the soldiers confidence since its gave an affect that Germany had a colossal army. The sheer size of the German army implies Germany was in fact ready for war in the military aspect.The military aspect, despite being an imperative part of being ready for war, is not enough. The industry of the nation also plays an important part. By 1914 Germany was one of the most economically successful nations in, not except Europe but the world. In 1909 there were 4579 commercial companies in Germany with a combined capital of 15,860 million marks and with annual dividends of c. 1 billion marks. In the first two decades of the Empire, Germany had been transformed from a mainly agrarian to a predominantly industrial state 2. Also Germanys hi gh and sustained rate of industrial offset was the dominant feature of the European economic landscape. It was more persistent than that of either France or Britain, and was rivaled except by that of Russia and, outside Europe, by the USA.3 Also in the untried industries of chemicals and electrics, German industry led the way.4 The booming German industry makes Germany ready for war in the industrial aspect as well.Agriculturally, Germany was excellent. By 1914 German agriculture, in terms of yield per hectare, was the most productive in the world.5 In 1912, Germany was producing 2,260 kg/hectare of wheat and 15,030 kg/hectare of potatoes. Their agricultural superiority shows that Germany would have the capability to survive for a period during a war by growing its own food since it had the most productive agricultural land in the world. Germanys thriving agriculture makes the nation ready for war in a agricultural aspect. However, despite the move industrial growth, German soci ety appeared to have become increasingly fractured during the period. There was a much greater disparity between the upper and working classes. The politics of the nation and the moral of the people should also be sound if the nation is considered to be completely ready to fight a war. condescension being superior in a military sense, an industry sense and agricultural sense, Germany was not great in a g overningal sense.From 1870-1914, Britain was the leading world power its position was sustained by the royal navy. The British navy was larger than any other powers though it was widely distributed throughout the empire in small groups. Britain required a strong navy since the nation relied heavily on imports and its need for a market meant that free sea passage was important. However Britains army was not as strong as their navy. The army was spread throughout the empire in defense and has been mostly successful. However the army was very small only equipped in fighting small ea sy wars. A small army doesnt mean its not a strong army. The British army was small unlike the other larger European armies but it was professional and well trained. The moral and the determination of the army to succeed is also very important in winning wars not just the size.The army was polarised by class and small reach a sum of 733,514, which was tiny compared to the standards of the European rivals. The BEF was the army Britain had available for the possible outbreak of war. The BEF was small with 1 permanent Corp, 1 Calvary division, 6 substructure divisions (20,000) however most was spread throughout empire with over half of the BEF at home being reservists which would be the army unofficially sent to France on the western wing of the army in the unconstipatedt of the outbreak of the war. Because Britains army lacked size its ability of reinforcement was limited. However, in 1914 there was parliament approval to annex the army by 500, 000 men. This quote summarises the Br itish army well The British army was historically little more than a colonial police force trained and equipped to fight small wars against inferior opposition.6 The British were not as strong as the Germans in a militarily and this suggests they were not ready for war in military aspect.Austrias army was not much better that the Britains one. Compared with the German army the size of the military was quite small. The size was not only the problem but language was another major one. When the outbreak of war appeared there were 2.25 million men that were immobilized for Austro-Hungary and they were trained for around 4 weeks before they were sent. There were many languages spoke in the army so they had to try and make sure the same language served together. Most of the time different nationalities had to mix though and the officers were mainly Hungarian or German speaking Austrians with the enlisted from the Slavic population. This meant many Slavic men had to be taught a different l anguage. In 1914 Austria had 40,000 soldiers and Hungary had 30,000. There was also the Imperial and Royal Army that was drawn from all parts of the Empire. The 350,000 men in this army gave their allegiance direct to Emperor Franz Josef.7In 8th April 1904 the Anglo-French entente cordiale was consummated after long years of negotiation with a complete settlement of all outstanding colonial differences. This opened the door to Anglo-French military conversations, which continued up to the outbreak of war in August 1914. In 17th January 1906, Anglo-French military conversations about cooperation in the event of a European war began at the Algeciras Conference.France was not prepared for war as well as the other great Powers. This was because France had no war aim in the build up to the send-off World War and therefore they did not feel the need to prepare for war much. However they did make a vital preparation in the political aspect of getting ready for war. France made a strong a lliance with Russia. This meant that if France had to go to war with Germany, Germany would be forced into war on two fronts. Frances government being not very organized caused the lack of interest of starting the war.France however was a wealthy country and they were financially capable of starting a war but however its executive power was weak compared to Britain and Germany. They also had frequent changes of government, which can cause disagreement with the nations policies. France was not in a good situation to enter a war and their minimal preparation shows their naivety. It is suggested that France had no intention of entering World War One, and they were literally forced into it.The Russian army was the largest in Europe, but despite having many men, they were not financially capable of paying the soldiers so the Russian government could only call up a fraction of those eligible each year to serve in the army. The Russian army was corrupt and under equipped. The army was back ward, short of modern equipment and officers were appointed on the ground of family connections rather than ability. There battle success was not great either since they were badly defeated by the Japanese army in 1904-1905.Despite having a poor army Russias economy was booming. Savings accounts grew from 4,988,000 to 8,992,000 between 1905 and 1913. The national dept also significantly dropped. The average annual growth rate between 1907 and 1914 was over 6 per cent, which was higher then that of any other Western European country. However, to continue this development Russia needed both domestic harmonies, which was under threat and even more importantly peace with her neighbors. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the events which followed were to shatter both. There was some political instability before the war because the classes were beginning to reveal their grievances.In death none of the Great Powers were completely ready for war. Germany and had a strong arm y which means the nation was ready in a military aspect but however they were not ready politically. Britains army was minute however their navy was successful and Austrias army was also small. Russia had a large army but they were not financially capable of paying all the soldiers. Agriculturally Germany was excellent and politically Britain was good. However to be ready for war the nation must possess a culmination of several aspects such as a good military, good agriculture and industry and they should also be financially capable. None of the powers possessed this culmination and were strong in one aspect but not in the other.

International Human Resource Management Essay

1.0 Executive SummaryThe world of international HR management (IHRM) is changing. As companies shift operations abroad, IHRM is lamentable beyond expatriate programs. Todays IHR passenger cars ar charged with scaling and managing overseas HR operations. This shift has not nevertheless created new opportunities for IHRM professionals, but overly for companies looking to staff operations abroad.Possibly one of the greatest challenges facing the IHRMs is the fact that they are now dealing with not an individual employee but a whole family and their needs as a family in the resettlement process. Some IHRMs find it more difficult than others to ad good to the added dimension of having to deal with the spouse and family on a more intimate level than before. After all, they are now relocating them halfway around the world and away from their support structures. They devote to be disposed(p) to get a lot more involved in the family as a whole and not just think they have to communicat e with the employee only as is oftentimes the case when dealing with an employee here at home base.Throughout this assignment, we are examined the implications of differences in national culture for policy and practice in of the sticking aspects of human resource management* Performance appraisal* Training and development2.0 Training and DevelopmentImportant components of international human resources management admit both(prenominal) cross-cultural training and a clear understanding of the overseas assignment as part of a managers development.2.1 Trainingcross-cultural training is necessary for expatriates managers and their families before, during and after foreign assignments. As different countries have different culture, regardless how close of those areas, such as Taiwan and Mainland China, USA and Canada. peradventure they are talking the same language, however, their perception of social values, contrast practices are different. In Western, especially in USA, people ar e more individualism. In the contrary, easterly people, such as Chinese and Japanese, people are more collectivism. The social system alike different in Western and Eastern, the former is low indicator distant and the later is higher power distant. When those expatriates arrive, they are foreigners, not the host population, it is necessary to provide much cultural and practical background. Language training is an demand activity for everyone in the family.Although English is the dominant business language worldwide, relying on English puts the expatriates at a disadvantage. The expatriate will be unable to show up trade journals and newspapers, which contain useful business information, and will be reliant on translators, which at best only slow down discussions in the process. Evan if expatriates manager is not fluent, a willingness to try communicating in local language makes a good impression on the business community. Foreign language progress is also vital for family membe rs to establish a social network and accomplish the everyday tasks of maintaining a household.But cross-cultural training is much more than just language training. It should provide an appreciation of the new culture, including details of its history and folklore, economy, politics, religion, social climate, and business practices. It is easy to recognize that religion is highly important in passing(a) life in the Middle East, but knowledge of the regions history and an understanding of the specific practices and beliefs is important to avoid inadvertently insulting business associates or social contacts.All this training can be carried out through a variety of techniques. Language skills are often provided through classes and tapes, temporary hookup cultural training utilizes many different tools. Lectures, reading materials, videotapes, and movies are useful for background information, while cultural sensitivity is more often taught through federal agency playing, simulations a nd meetings with former expatriates, as intimately as natives of the countries now living in the parent countries.While all this training in advance of the overseas relocation is important, cultural learning takes place during the assignment as well. After the overseas assignment has ended and the employee has returned, more training is required for the entire family. The employee also must adjust to organization changes, including the inevitable promotions, transfers, and resignations that have taken place during his or her absence. Teenager find reentry circumstancely difficult, as they are ignorant of the most new jargon and the latest trends, but often are more sophisticated and mature than their local friends. The employee also must adjust to organizational changes, including the inevitable promotions, transfers and registrations that have taken place during his or her absence. Returnees are anxious to know where to fit in, or if they have been gone for so long that they no longer are on a career path.2.2 DevelopmentIn the underway global business environment, the overseas assignment should be a vital component in the development of top-executives. It is not only to achieve the advantages for the individual in overseas assignment, but also an organization can gain the competitive advantages from their overseas employee.It is also a chance to provide the host counties employees to broaden their global perspective through a post in the parent-country headquarter, and may make it easier for the organization to lift and retain better quality managers in the host country.Development is an essential activity to the individual to improve the individuals ability during the assignment and to well perform their jobs.3.0 Performance appraisalIn evaluating employee performance in international environments, other factors come into plays. For instance, the cultural differences between the United States and England are not as great as those between the United Sta ted and China, for example. Thus, hostility or friendliness of the cultural environment in which one manager should be considered when valuate employee performance.3.1 The responsibilities of the evaluationThere are also issues to consider regarding who will be responsible for the evaluations the host-country management or the parent country management. Although local management would more often than not consider a more accurate gauge, it typically evaluates expatriates from its own cultural perspectives and expectations, which may not reflect those of the parent company. For example, in several(prenominal) countries, a democratic style of management is acceptable, while in other countries, hierarchical values make it disgrace to ask employees for ideas (for e.g. in Japan). This could vastly alter a supervisors performance appraisal.Confusion may arise from the use of parent-country evaluation forms if they are misunderstood, either because the form has been improperly translat ed or not translated at all, or because the evaluator is uncertain what a particular question means. The home-office managements, on the other hand, is often so remote that it may not be fully intercommunicate on what is going on in an overseas office. Because they lack access and because one organization may have numerous foreign operations to evaluate, home-office managements often measure performance by quantitative indices, such as profits, market shares, or gross sales.However, simple numbers are often quite mazy in their calculations and data are not always comparable. For example, if a company has many operations in Fast East Asia, it must be awake of the accounting practices in each country. Local import tariffs can also distort pricing schedules, which alter gross sales figures, another often compared statistic. Evan when the measurements are comparable, the comparison country will have an affect. For example, factory productivity levels in Vietnam may be below those of similar plants in Thailand. Depending on where the supervisors results are compared, different outcomes may occur. Such issues complicate parent country management performance evaluations by numerical criteria, or indices and can add to the excited levels in appraisals.3.2 Evaluation FormatOther issues surround the question of selecting the best format to use in performance appraisals, If we have an overseas operation that includes both parent country nationals and host country nationals, we must determine if we will use the same forms for all employee. While most Western countries accept the purpose of performance evaluation, some cultures interpret it as a sign of distrust or even an insult to an employee. This complicates a decision to use one doer like an adjective rating scale for all employees. On the other hand, using different formats for PCNs and HCNs may create a dual track in the subsidiary, in turn creating other problems.The evaluation form presents other problems. If there is universal form for the entire corporation, an organization must determine how it will be translated accurately into the native language of each country. English forms may not be readily understood by local supervisors. For example, clerical and office jobs do not always have identical requirements in all cultures. As a result, some U.S. multinational may be hesitant about evaluating HCNs and TCNs. In some countries, notably those that support the Communist ideology, all workers are rewarded only when the group performs with punishment or discipline being highly limited. For example, in the hotel labor in the Peoples Republic of China. Without the ability to reward good individual performance or to punish poor performance, there is little indigence to have any evaluation at all.Although the subject of international performance appraisal continues to receive research attention, two general recommendations have been suggested as follow* Modify the normal performance crite ria of the evaluation sheet for a particular position to fit the overseas position and site characteristics. Expatriates who have returned from a particular site or same country can provide useful input into revising criteria to reflect the possibilities and constraints of a given location.* Include a current expatriates insights as part of evaluation. This means that non-standardized criteria, which are difficult to measure, will be included, perhaps in different basis for each country. This creates some administrative difficulties at headquarters, but in long run will be a more equitable system.Bibliography1. Peter J. Dowling, Denice E. Welch and Randall S. Schuler, International Human option Management Managing People in a Multinational Context, South Western College Publishing, 3rd chance variable2. Nancy J. Adler, International Dimensions of Organization Behavior, South Western College Publishing, 3rd Edition3. David A. Decenzo, Stephen P. Robbins, Human Resourc Management, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 7th Edition.4. Ian Breadwell and Len Holden, Human resource management a contemporary approach, FT Prentice Hall, 3rd Edition

What Love is for Shakespeare

Like every other poet, mainly characterized by idealism and creativity, William Shakespeare views love as an eternal and ideal state of being. People a lot look at its grim features. But Shakespeare chose to distinguish love from pain, as what it naturally is. This essay will try to discuss love as seen by Shakespeare and written in his 66th sonnet. Shakespeare wrote the sonnet by citing important influences on love time and place, beliefs, church and politics, life and death, channelize, and permanence.He admits that there are impediments because of these factors, but he refuses to give in and be stopped by them. He said, Let me not to the marriage of true minds admit impediments. These impediments for him are considered to be fixable, as he said in Much Ado (MA. II. 2. 1-4. ). Shakespeare disagrees on the kind of love that is easily broken or vanished. He thinks that it is permanent and doesnt yield to heavy cut into and suffering.He said, Love is not love which alters when it alteration finds, Or bends with the remover to remove This is actually common to everyone, pull up stakesicularly those who are new to such needlelike feeling and have not yet experienced the pain of their first love. However, Shakespeare thinks of love as an unyielding and enduring connectedness. He then compared it to a pharos used by sailors in shipping, unshakeable so far by great waves and storms. O, no it is an ever-fixed mark, That looks on tempests and is never shaken. Love guides every wandering soul like the Federal star guides every sailor. He wrote, It is the star to every wandering bark, Whose worths unknown, although his height be taken. Also, love is not a plaything or a recreate easily broken by ageing. Love is not Times fool, proves that love is not based on physicalities that rots as Time dictates. Love endures even Time and doesnt change in distance served. The fleeting time is measured by weeks and hours but these dont matter really for a love that endur es change.Death may end everything and prone that we dont believe in continued life after death, reincarnation perhaps, love will bring mess to their end, still holding each other tight, even with their hands cracked by age. He said, Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom. However love may depend perfect and eternal to Shakespeare, he still realizes that everything has an end. This is explained by a seemingly underscored concluding couplet of the sonnet. Love will always be a part of life that is temporary.Nonetheless, he has already made his claim and established his points on the wondrous feeling brought by love to the extent that he tastes challenges from other people and willingly sacrifices the validity of all his sonnets, the melting pot of his romanticism, when this treatise on love is proven wrong. This sonnet has been read tolerantly, like all of his other works, and became the basis for those who seek answers on the question of what love really is. It is never wrong to be idealistic, especially on issues as fulfilling as this. However, we must always accept that everything has its end.Since everyone who feels such love is going to die anyway. Still, Shakespeare is one of those who aims high and gives this very particular topic the right for eternity and endurance. Love is never a simple thing, it is wide and complicated. It digs in peoples hearts and reveals what they truly are, without much consideration of what others might say or what time has kept ahead for him. It is worthy of the beaver imaginations, best literatures, and best descriptions no matter how painful it is at times, the happiest point of loving is always far eternal than that of other source of happiness.

Article 258 Tfeu – Key Features

judicial and legislative developments *have+ made the * onset+ action come of age- from a r bely used, opaque and policy-driven use, it has now become a common, fairly frank and highly technical procedure. Prete & Smuldres The coming of age of infringement proceedings (2010) 47 CMLR 9 Has the infringement procedure finally come of age? Critically delimit the key features of the Article 258 TFEU procedure and relevant case rectitude.Article 258 TFEU (Formerly Art 226 EC) empowers the European direction to deliver a reasoned opinion to a section demesne when it considers that the state has failed to fulfil an obligation under the treaties. The action seeks to fulfil an obligation under the EC Treaty and to obtain a declaration that the conduct of a share tell infringes Community Law and of terminating that conduct. If the Court of Justice of the European Union finds that the constituent state has failed to fulfil the obligation the member state shall be required to take the necessary measures to comply with the judgment.Other mechanisms exist to secure the correct application of EU Law, including the principle of direct effect and primacy of EU Law. These measures permits an individual or a company to have their rights enforced before a national court on the basis of EU Law furnish, even out if such provisions are not specified within the national legal system where the application is made. Article 258 TFEU can be described as a police enforcement tool against Member enunciates. Each Member State is responsible for the applying EU Law in a manner that is full and correct.The Court has the power to check if a Member State is meeting its obligations that is has under the Treaties. According to statistics from the Court, approximately 200 cases are lodged before it each year. This accounts for a fraction of the suspected infringements that are investigated. The vast majority of cases are resolved through dialogue and negotiation. As such, court proce edings are considered the final step in resolving a matter where other options have failed.Article 17(1) TEU (formerly Art 211 EC) gives the enforcement and controlling powers required by the Commission to enforce the application of EU Law by Member States. A Member State may be forced to take drastic steps including modification or rescission of national legislation or even modification of a Constitution in order to comply with a Court ruling. Financial penalties may be applied to a Member State if the state fails to comply with a Court ruling. In most circumstances, Member States do comply with the Court rulings, but they may take some age to implement such rulings, which may incur a significant monetary penalty.As Guardian of the Treaties, the Commission has improved the transparency of the infringement procedures in recent years. The procedure is objective in nature and the decision rests with the Court to decide if there has been a breach of justness as alleged by the Commi ssion. The infringement procedure begins with a request for information (so-called Letter of Formal Notice) to the member state concerned, which must be answered within a specified period, usually ii months.If the Commission is not satisfied with the information and concludes that the Member State in question is failing to fulfill its obligations under EU law, the Commission may thusly send a formal request to comply with EU law (so-called Reasoned Opinion), calling on the member state to inform the Commission of the measures taken to comply within a specified period, usually two months. If a Member State fails to ensure compliance with EU law, the Commission may then decide to refer the Member State to the Court of Justice.However, in over 90 per cent of infringement cases, member states comply with their obligations under EU law before they are referred to the Court. If the Court rules against a member state, the member state must then take the necessary measures to comply with the judgment. If, despite the ruling, a Member State save fails to act, the Commission may open a further infringement case under Article 260 of the TFEU, with only one write warning before referring the member state back to Court.If the Commission does refer a member state back to Court, it can propose that the Court imposes financial penalties on the member state concerned based on the duration and severity of the infringement and the size of the member state (both a lump uniting depending on the time elapsed since the original Court ruling and a daily penalty honorarium for each day after a aid Court ruling until the infringement ends). These decisions cover many sectors they aim at ensuring proper application of EU law for the benefit of citizens and businesses.Before referring a Member State to the Court, the Commission first requests information from the Member State concerned and then, if necessary, formally requests the Member State to comply with EU law. Around 95 per cent of infringement cases are resolved at the administration stage, i. e. before they reach the Court. If after a ruling by the Court of Justice, a member state still fails to act, the Commission warns the member state in writing.In case of continued lack of appropriate action by the member state, the Commission may take the member state back to Court, and can request the Court to impose a lump sum penalty and/or a daily penalty payment on the member state concerned. This procedure is based on Article 260 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. http//www. baltic-course. com/eng/baltic_states/? doc=33306 http//europa. eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction. do? eference=IP/10/ 1422&format=HTML&aged=0&language=FR&guiLanguage=fr http//ec. europa. eu/eu_law/infringements/infringements_en. htm http//ec. europa. eu/eu_law/infringements/infringements_decisions_en. htm http//ec. europa. eu/eu_law/eulaw/decisions/dec_20101124. htmie http//www. ivoryresearch. com/sample14. php http//ju stin-santiago. blogspot. com/2009/05/article-226. html The durability of an Art 226 action is diminished by the length of time the process takes and the lack of a serious penalty.The only result of a finding by the ECJ under Art 226 is that the Member State is in breach is a declaration to that effect. The Member State can continue to avoid complying with Community law obligations. Although documents related to the infringement proceedings is available a major source of frustration is difficulty in obtaining access to documents related to infringement proceedings. The Commission does not have enough resources to bring enforcement proceedings against member states under Article 226.By introducing the concept of direct effect of EC law as well as indirect effect or in action for damages on the basis of the state liability doctrine, the ECJ enabled individuals and companies throughout the EU to become enforcers of Community law in the Member States without the need for Commission invo lvement. http//justin-santiago. blogspot. com/2009/05/article-226. html http//eur-lex. europa. eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ. do? uri=CELEX62003J0459ENNOT Articles 258 TFEU (ex Article 226 EC) and 260 TFEU (ex Article 227 EC) provide the appropriate remedies in cases where member States fail to fulfil

What Is Practical Work In Science Education Essay

Practical constitute is viewed by the huge bulk of scientific fit instructors, as an indispensable and built-in portion of scientific discipline discipline. In fact, numerous guess it as an indispensable facet of being a science instructor ( Donnolly 1998 from reappraisal Practical hold up effectivity in primary/sec schools Abraham ) . Practical croak trick embrace many distinct constituents, which poop be divided into two chief groups as described in Woodley E, ( 2009 ) , as follows1 ) Core activities These include hands-on activities such as different probes, investigate lab techniques and processs, every pussy good as field operation. These types of activities can assist heighten the development of pupils matter-of-fact research lab accomplishments, every bit good as assisting them to understand cardinal scientific constructs and phenomena.2 ) Directly related activities These atomic number 18 closely connected to the above nucleus activities, and include practic able presentations performed by the instructor, planning and planing scientific probes and compend of informations.In add-on, near argue that other activities such as enjoyment of computing machine simulations, regulateing, usage of studies, presentations, group treatment and function dramas can excessively represent what is meant by the term mulish legal action ( SCORE, 2008 ) . However, others would differ, and hope these activities would non come under the pragmatic activity umbrella , and instead that they should be used complementarily alongside other functional activities, instead than be a replacement for them ( Woodley, E ) .Millar described a practical(a) activity as Any scientific discipline instruction and acquisition activity which at some(a) point involves the pupils, lasting separately or in little groups, in detecting or distil stringsing objects to develop understanding . ( Millar ( 2009 ) ) . It is described in The National Strategies as Any activity that enables students to hold direct, a great deal hands-on, experience of the phenomena they are analyzing . ( The National Strategies ( 2008 ) ) .In fact the undermentioned citation from SCORE underpins what many believe about the importance of practical work in scientific discipline Science without practical is identical swimming without H2O . ( SCORE, 2008 ) .T presentfore, irrespective of how practical work is defined, or what activities are conception to represent it, it can be seen as a cardinal portion of how scientific discipline should be taught in schoolsWhat is the sub curriculum of Practical Work?The chief intents of practical work are to prosecute pupils, helping them to develop many of import accomplishments. In fact, practical work can back up larning in a coterie of slipway runing from Personal acquisition and believing accomplishments to How scientific discipline plants ( E Woodley ) -See fingers breadth 1. The overruling rule, nevertheless is to dema nd links between the concrete and abstract universes . ( Reflecting on practical work ) .Figure 1. Different ways practical work can back up acquisitionFigure taken from E.Woodley ( original = Figure 1 How practical work supports scientific discipline ( From Geting practical a model for practical scientific discipline inschools ( SCORE, 2009a ) p. 7 )From reading the literature, it is clear that the different grounds and principles for transporting out practical work in scientific discipline can be classified into three chief countries ( see under ) , as discussed in ( Practical Work in School Science Which Way Now? Jerry capital of New Zealand ) Arguments for and against the usage of practical work in scientific discipline1 ) . Cognitive statements It is thought that practical activities can associate to knowledge and understanding ( the cognitive sphere ) by assisting to beef up pupils conceptual apprehension of scientific discipline by enabling them to visualize and do sense of different scientific Torahs and theories, much back uping checkt theory work.2 ) . Affectional spheres This relates to the enjoyment and motivational facets of practical work. Practical work is frequently used to bring forth involvement and enthusiasm amongst pupils, and is thought to help pupils in retrieving things devising things agitate . In fact, reports show that in footings of how pupils rate the enjoyability of school scientific discipline activities, the three top rated were pass on a scientific discipline trip ( 85 % ) , looking at pictures ( 75 % ) and making a scientific discipline experiment ( 71 % ) , back uping the position that practical work is so extremely motivational ( Dillion J ) .3 ) . Skills statement The last of the three chief principles for practical work is that it can assist develop many movable accomplishments, as illustrated in Figure 1 above.However, characterizing the animated observe and intent of practical work is a really hard undertaki ng and divides sentiment crossways the scientific discipline instruction profession. In fact there are many statements and counter statements for and against practical work in scientific discipline.Counter responses to the cognitive statement include the thought that practical work can frequently confound instead than pause pupils apprehension ( particularly if the practical does non travel to program ) . In add-on Scott and Leach propose that practical work is non a good attack to learn theory, proposing that theories comprise abstract thoughts which can non be demonstrated physically In the context of the school research lab it is clear that pupils can non develop an apprehension through their ain observations, as the theoretical entities of scientific discipline are non at that place to be seen . ( Taken from Wellington book- Leach and Scott 199548 )Arguments against the emotive statement include the impression that many pupils are barely turned off at the thought and chanc e of making practicals. There is besides grounds bespeaking that boys bask practical work more so than misss, and therefore misss can frequently be less enthusiastic and motivated compared to boys making the same practical undertaking. ( Wellington ) .Counter statements to the proposal that practical work can develop many movable accomplishments besides exist. These include the statement that group work within practical scientific discipline frequently does non better cardinal accomplishments such as communicating and interaction, as widely believed, but when studied more closely, frequently consequences in more forceful pupils ruling the undertaking, ensuing in deficiency of enjoyment and battle for some and the demotion of some pupils to simple median undertakings, such as pulling out tabular arraies or get into consequences without any existent engagement in the practical activity themselves. ( Wellington ) .Many other scientific discipline instruction professionals make claims of the overselling of the scientific discipline instruction in footings of construct that scientific discipline practical work can develop many movable accomplishments. The thought that these accomplishments can add value to pupils and help them on their chosen calling waies have been discredited by some. In fact, Ausubel in the 1960 s argued that any practical undertaking that can give rise to the application of accomplishments required for many subjects, is tho non specific plenty to turn to the peculiar scientific probe being addressed Grand schemes of break do non look to be movable across disciplines..it barely seems plausible that a scheme of enquiry, which essential needfully be wide adequate to be applicable to a broad scope of subjects and jobs, can of all time hold sufficient peculiar relevancy to be helpful in the resolve of the particular job at manus . ( Wellington, Ausubel 1964298 ) .Therefore, there is much argument sing the usage of practical work within the i nstruction and acquisition of scientific discipline in schools. The cardinal inquiry here truly is to make with knowledge and how we get cognition. i.e. How do we understand the universe and do sense of it in our caputs? ( Miller R, 2004 ) . One important reply to this came from Jean Piaget, who is credited as the innovator of the constructivist theory of cognizing. He argued that we construct of all time more complicated and sophisticated representations of the universe. This is through modifying our bing apprehensions ( or scheme a structured bunch of constructs ) through our actions on the universe around us. If Piaget is right, so the usage of practical work in detecting and step ining in the universe must be critical for our apprehension of scientific discipline ( R Miller 2004 ) .The effectivity of practical work in scientific disciplineAs discussed above, many scientific discipline instructors and other scientific discipline instruction professionals believe that practical work in the instruction of scientific discipline in schools is critical for assisting pupils learn and retrieve things more clearly. However, as besides historied there are statements proposing that practical work is really non all that effectual at accomplishing these purposes. A smashing citation from Osborne ( 1998 ) inquiries the effectivity of practical work in the acquisition of scientific discipline, stating that practical work has merely a limited function to play in larning scientific discipline and that much of it is of small educational value ( p. 156. from Miller 2004 reappraisal ) .Much of the decisions of research into the effectivity of practical work remain close to equivocal. Research carried out in the 1980 s by Hewson and Hewson ( 1983 ) , in whichIn add-on, others have argued that the carriage in which practical work is practised is frequently the cause of its ineffectualness, and possibly, therefore the type of practical work used, and the manner it is used should be analysed, instead than merely stating that all practical work is uneffective. Hence if we are arouse in looking at the effectivity of practical work in scientific discipline, the specific practical work used, or planning to be used need to be really carefully mean and thought out. A cardinal consideration here is really what is meant by the term effectiveness .A model for judging the effectivity of practical workTheobald in the 1960 s argued that scientific theory must ever be taught first and is required in order to visualize Experience does non give constructs intending, if anything constructs give experience importation ( J Wellington ) .

Black People and African American Actors Essay

Stereotyping is the automatic/ exaggerated mental pictures that lot hold closely a particular racial group without taking individual differences into consideration. Examples of stereotyping would be the main characters of the movie Rio2, bejewel and Blue being voiced by white actors whilst their wild relatives are voiced by non-white actors implying sophistication as well as in the movie Despicable Me 2 where El Macho and his boy are given a Spanish image portraying a smooth talker and an resistless lover that is often stereotypes or so Spanish people. 87 People seem oblivious to the racial content due(p) to various distractions like visual stimuli such as 3D effects and the contrasting use of color, dense effects such as surround sound and the voices of the character and lastly the plot of the story.Most people are over stimulated by these distractions that they rarely notice the stereotyping. Another factor would be that parents devolve the responsibility to screen the mov ies that their children are watching. In some instances the stereotyping may be instilled in some parents from parturition resulting in children seeing stereotyping as normal behavior. 96 Subtle racial prejudices towards Hispanic and Black people in Rio2 were the implication that wild Amazonian Macaws voiced by non- white actors are uncivilized.Songs sung by these Macaws are earlier voiced by African American actors accompanied by rhythmic beats and movements with catchy phrases in the first place found in native song and dance. Roberto (wild Macaw) is voiced by the singer Bruno Mars who is from a premix of Jewish and Hawaiian decent implying (help with that word). Pedro and Nico dickens rapping, gangster, music loving birds are voiced by two equally successful and famous rappers Will.I.Am and Jamie Foxx 99 From this passage I can conclude that even though warnings about stereotyping may be placed before animation movies, many parents would still allow their children to watch i t. 31

A Leadership Journey

A LEADERSHIP JOURNEY. Created by SHARATH KUMAR Abstract The constitution records the evolution of the authors idea on lendership through the manikin of his work involvement. leading is viewed as a propellant handle which consists form-only(prenominal) and informal roles. The process is introduced as an individual recognizes opportunities and urged to answer back to evolving patterns and pledge execute to enable positive change. The dynamics between formal and informal leadership structures and leadership as a state of mind are conferred.The following paper shows a reflection on my personal journey and growing understanding of leadership based on my work experience. As I look back in time, I identify that most of my online interest in leadership and interwovenity has evolved. This paper archives the development of my view more or less leadership. Stages in the Journey Over my career I involve experienced various milest unrivalleds that gravel shaped and incline my persp ectives on leadership. Vitally I have witnessed my role as a leader as atomic number 53 who pronounces and puts into action a raft that inspires opposites to join in to an extent at least.Along the way, the instability of confrontation to that vision that has been the extreme influence on restricting my focus and ideology ab let on leadership, as Ive fought to deluge obstacles. Now I leadership as a dynamical distributed process among instruments. I believe I have inculcated an informal methodology similar to grounded theory, as I take in information on the area concerned, formulate a theory and then sieve and modify that theory busyly. There have been crowning events that have shaped my perspectives ab disclose leadership.I evoke the poignant enthusiasm of joining the company. I had been employed as Assistant Chief Information Officer multinational company. My stick in the company in my opinion was a dream job aiding in devising a long-term strategy for the harvest-home of the business unit from a process and engineering science perspective. I instantly noned operational issues and create suggestions to address them. Although, my dream was shattered as I soon I was made to realize my position and the inclination of the management team to clinch new ideas were non necessary. Organization as OrganismMy first sidereal day at work struck by the oppression of meetings absorbed so much time in that location was no time left to do work. Employees were exasperated because they had no access to their managers for direction. Projects were not being accomplished in a time due to the perspective experts selected on them were unavailable due to other bookings. Organizational beliefs about alliance needed key employees that were patrons to a project indulge in watchword and decision making. Still, decision making was a tremendously slow process as it lacked clarity as to who had the decision making authority.A group would discuss the issue because one key person was not amaze (being double booked in another meeting) hence, the decisions were not finalized. Line of meetings being un resolutenessd was common. Although I was brought into a company as a change agent tasked to bring strategic change to the business unit, I realized that it was not truly the case. Interest in change was driven by the instantaneous con term demands of particular clients, executives. At this billet I managed to gather a team responsible for organise technology linked projects.After extensive talks with my head, the team that reported to me was handed over to someone else, and I was to report to this new head as an independent contributor. This change was an extremely difficult period for me, to that degree important in shaping my views of leadership. This was a period where deep reflection on my hotshot of identity, my values, and sense of personal integrity was brought out. I interpreted this change as the system. I will speak much about what I learnt of the change in a later section. A new major eruditeness had just been signed and the focus had shifted from long-term strategy to short term integration.After six months in the position, I moved out of the business unit to work with a larger parent company. My favorite description of leadership relics Sun Tzu in the Art of War The way of leadership means inducing the people to have the same aim as the leadership, so that they will share death and share life, without fear of insecurity (Sun Tzu, 2005, p. 43). The definition recognizes the collaborative dynamic that leader and follower share both share the benefits and risks in its pursuit. Moreover, Senges work presented me to systems thinking and understanding the unified wholeness of establishments.This view was beef up by my study of Neurolinguistic schedule and Neuro-Semantics, understanding human communications and the way in which we learn to construct our mental maps of the area. I axiom conscious decisions to b e freeing and challenging at the same time. This commitment was a challenging as I began to explore the process of leadership alfresco the hierarchical power structure that could command action by positional authority. Now as an independent contributor I found myself able to lead freely in a variety of ways, highlighting the need of influence in the contexts that I was called for.I mentally stepped back from the situation and in like mannerk a look at the business, its internal and external stakeholders. I would figure the recede and flow of people as they enthused about their work, the processes of numerous departments that enabled this organism to be effective. I excessively realized that minor issues evolved into major businesss. I witnessed that an aspect of leadership is to distinguish this ebb and drift of the organization and identify the systemic pain points soon enough so that adequate time is available to resolve the pain points.Often key issues remain intact solely because the situations have not rivaled the pain point to claim adequate attention. Partly it appeared to be an issue of prioritization partly a problem of prevailing beliefs within the gardening that impacts what employees attend to. A fundamental belief I have about leadership is that the leader is one who recognizes a potential future and asserts in motion actions that move those involved. Disequilibrium Disequilibrium is a vital situation in the dynamics of an organization, point at which the possibility for self-excelling construction of novel approaches to specific challenges to occur.The pressures associated with disequilibrium is the point when pain thresholds reach a important point that gives an organization to be receptive to emerging possibilities. Although, there are differences in the role that leadership plays in such situations. I was one of the senior employees called to speak to the other employees after(prenominal) the declaration that the company was to be cl osed. After weeks of discussions of the positive doles of the merger, one hundred and fifty people were told of losing their jobs (a trine of them, the very day I bid everyone to come together, acknowledged that there had been a death in the family and we knew where we all stood. Also, I was able to distribute a booklet to each employee on tackling with consequences of a merger. I had prepared these booklets without consciousness of what the outcome of the merger would be. After discussions with the employees post meeting, I got validation for the value of the piffle in bringing about a collective sense of acceptance to the veracity we faced. They also concur that the booklet carried a tangible sense of being cared for in the development.There is a paradoxical dynamic to disequilibrium states. A disequilibrium state can although have the inverse effect occasioning in a resistance to transformation. In my understanding, the test of leadership is the capacity to anticipate and inf luence change afore the state of disequilibrium becomes serious. My sense of obscurity assisted as a motivator to securing the merger transition booklets prior to the settlement of the merger (It was intuited that the result may not be as favorable as had formerly been voiced by management).As organizations operate as complex adaptive systems, the dynamics leading to disequilibrium usually exist as symptoms which could be observed and responded before the problem becomes serious. In this context, the process of (proactive) leadership shows self-regulating effect in the organization by permitting the process of self-transcending structure. leadership as a Process Concluded by my experiences I see leadership as an current process that befalls in human organizations through the interplay of formal and informal relationships. Leadership as a process is personified by actors who respond to a situation.Therefore, the manager should be able to carry more complex thinking to issues that a subordinate may encounter, and bring value to understanding the work. Similarly, the subordinate is responsible for sharing visions about the work with his/her manager who can pass on the developments and insights get along up the hierarchy. Whatever skills I may have in endorsing leadership may be totaled by ineffective structure in the system. In fact, I point the lack of an obligatory organisational structure as one if not the major inhibitions to organizational ineffectiveness within my work environment.Leadership as a State of Mind To finish, I have come to see leadership as a state of mind. This lures originally from the work of Robert Quinn (2004), which recommends that there are certain states that act as attractors for the performer to take action that can be viewed as leadership in a particular setting. The Fundamental State of Leadership (FSL) generates the internal context that motivates the performer to respond and is replicated in interrelated attitudes, which Quinn gaps with opposing attitudes reflecting the figure state. The FSL serves two functions mainly by creating an attractor that boosts active behavior that aids the great betterment of the organization. Second it gives way for the performer to be more aware of his/her perceptions and arrays of behavior. In the year of my tenure with my employer, I was aware of the requirement for a Customer Relationship worry (CRM) system to be able to serve the organization and needs of its customers efficiently. My suggestions met substantial confrontation with management as an earlier attempt to put in a CRM system had been unsuccessful.I was determined in expressing this requisite to the point that my manager expressed that if I brought the matter up again I would be left out from management meetings. And then came the day when he wanted a current clients list and found out that our current systems could not yield an accurate list. All of a sudden putting in a new system became a primacy- month s after the actual recommendation. In an akin manner, as I transitioned to a role in the parent company, I piloted a research, which headed me to an awareness of the important of e-business and germaneness for the growth of the company.I became a warm advocate of e-business and presented several proposals to senior executives. But, my recommendations were not incorporated, mainly because senior executives did not trust that it was a possible tool within the industry. Atypically, a few months later there is renewed concern in expanding e-business for the company. These situations reinforced for me a primary norm that the process of leadership is introduced as an actor who recognizes a specific need and makes an effort to take action, even in times of obstacles.This shows an alignment with the core defiance described in the FSL. I end with a case study where I intentionally experienced the FSL in practice leadership. I took part in a voluntary cross-functional team looking to enhan ce employee work experience. With botch up prices on the hike, there was a strong curiosity in developing a strategy for telecommuting. many solutions were suggested and were instantly shot down by the representative from IT as either being too expensive, too time consuming for the IT staffs, or too risky from a companys security.I do not terminate the importance and connotation of formal leadership structures, rather I am noting that leadership essentially functions as an internal response to attractors that allow self-transcending construction as an answer to a perceived reality. in spite of appearance the organizations, the interplay of actors captivating action to lead in formal or informal capabilities is dynamic and complex and outside the scope of this discussion. Note that this portrayal is not intended to reflect deleteriously on the behavior of the IT representative.As an entity caught in the webs of loftier heart synchronization of the myriad of service appeals from multiple functional departments with partial resources in staff and dollars can dribble a mindset that by a specific technology that had not been discussed. Despite obvious resistance from IT to propose a solution, I decide on doing my own research and found that a technology that had been conversed seemed to offer a sensible compromise on low cost, minimal IT backing, and strong enterprise security. I went back to the board with a bid to pursue this option.This was not a job that was part of my normal work assignment, and also I could have drop the idea. Yet the internal states that fixated on serving the greater good, and sighting the opportunity that this solution could deliver served as an attractor to endure through the resistance and in conclusion lead to a successful outcome. Had I opted to stay within my comfort zone, the new process and organizational dynamics would not have been developed. Ive gratified on a number of aspects of the leadership process, which I have garn ered through my work experience.In summary, I have emanated to see leadership as a dynamic process that ensues in human organizations as actors identify emerging possibilities and elect to take action. The inclination to do so is sturdily related to the actors internal states, and engagement of the Fundamental State of Leadership. Lastly, the dexterity of the actor may be wedged by the actors sphere of influence and by the actors formal or informal eminence and authority to act, and organizational willingness to embrace the transformation. I aspire to further develop these understandings as I linger my graduate studies.REFERENCES Goldstein, J. A. (2007). A crude Model of Emergence and its Leadership Implications. In Complex Systems Leadership Theory, Exploring Organizational Complexity (Vol. 1). Mansfield, MA ISCE Publishing. Jaques, E. (1989). Requisite Organization A kernel System for Effective Managerial Organization and Managerial Leadership for the 21st Century Amended (2nd ed. , p. 288). Baltimore Cason foyer & Co Pub. McGhee, G. , Marland, G. R. , & Atkinson, J. (2007). Grounded theory research literature reviewing and reflexivity. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 60(3), 334-342. doi 10. 1111/j. 365- 2648. 2007. 04436. Senge, P. M. , Kleiner, A. , Roberts, C. , Ross, R. , & Smith, B. (1994). The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook (1st ed. , p. 608). New York Doubleday Business. Senge, P. M. , Kleiner, A. , Roberts, C. , Roth, G. , Ross, R. , & Smith, B. (1999). The Dance of Change The Challenges to Sustaining Momentum in Learning Organizations (1st ed. , p. 224). New York Doubleday Business. Tzu, S. (2005). Trans. Cleary, T. The Art of War (p. 224). Boston Shambhala. Quinn, R. E. (2004). twist the Bridge As You Walk On It A Guide for Leading Change. San Francisco Jossey-Bass.

How is Richard II portrayed in act I? Essay

In represent I of Richard II, Richard is portrayed as powerful, pompous and arrogant, each(prenominal) somewhat contrastingly to his portrayal towards the end of the p move. We see even as early as dress I glimpses of Richards fatal flaws and the crucial mistakes he makes which determine his dramatic fall. The genre of the play is diachronic tragedy, so the audience know the main protagonist in this case Richard is doomed from the start. So, in Act 1 Shakespeares portrayal of him is non only purposeful for his fall, yet also hugely ironic, devising his descent to even to a greater extent dramatic. Immediately in Act I, Richards power and authorised movement is discernible.The setting in Windsor Castle is a very formal occasion, as Richard gives Bullingbrook and Mowbray a formal hearing. It is very overblown and grandeur setting for the opening scene and so even before any speech, Richard is comprehend as being powerful and omnipotent. On stage Richard, is central and sta tioned upstage to observe the proceedings. When he descends from his embossed platform (which was traditional) and walks downstage to stop the proceedings later in the scene, he travels quite a remoteness on stage, reinforcing his pivotal place on the stage and in the political picture.These proxemics physically symbolise how Richard was the well-nigh powerful, which is extremely ironic as at the end of the play the roles are reversed as Bullingbrook defeats Richard. Richard is past the first percentage to speak, and refers to Bullingbrook and Mowbray by Henry Hereford (I/I/3) and Duke of Norfolk (I/I/6), making it seem very occasional and formal, so he appears as the voice of control and as he is the first character to speak, it a don re-emphasizes his ascendency.Alongside the first scene being a hugely occasional event, whereby Richards importance and authority is greatly established, is it written in rhyming couplets likewise the rest of the play. Richard II is the only on e of Shakespeares plays not written in prose, which gives it a sense of importance and authority. As the backup of the play is Richard II, this then dramatizes how much power Richard initially had and so how much was at stake. As king of England in the fourteenth Century, Richard along with the majority of his people believed in the Divine Right.As we nooky see by his intent of the royal We(I/I/24) us(I/I/24) and our(I/I/84), by this he is referring to himself and God, which shows Richards arrogance and audacity, as he refers to himself with a heightened sense of authority. However, as the Act continues we realise that although Richard is King of England so along with the title comes fantastic wealth and power, Richard is not all that powerful and authoritative. When he uses the metaphor Rage must be withstood/ Give me this gage.Lions make leopards time (I/II/173-4) here he is trying to assert his dominance and gain back control over the hearing as Bullingbrook and Mowbray deman d a fight. He is reminding them of his pre-eminence, which makes him seem not only egotistical but shows his lack of control especially following Mowbrays reply Yea, but not change his spots (I/II/175). His undaunted and scintillating response show is lack of true(p) and honest respect for Richard, aside from formalities.It shows Richards lack of intrinsic power if a noble can under-mine him, and feels the need to knowing what the consequences may be. not only is the whole play written in poetic rhyming couplets, but much of Richards speech is written very poetically and Shakespeare uses a cover of colourful and figurative language in his speech. By face to face brow to brow the accuser and the criminate Richard is repeatedly using mirroring imagery to re-enforce the idea of the standoff coming between Bullingbrook and Mowbray, but also signifies the final standoff between himself and Bullingbrook.However, this repetition creates a racy rhythm making him sound arrogant and pompo us. From Richards incessant use of dramatic and poetic language, we can see he is not a man of serve a conclusion which is supported as in Act I Scene I he stands away and watches Bullingbrook and Mowbray fight, he is higher than them, symbolically and physically. Also, by him stopping Bullingbrook and Mowbrays joule Let them lay by their helmets and their spears/ And both return back to their chairs again (I/III/119-20) he looks effeminate and weak.Although he has an extraordinary flair for poetry but this appears to be his fatal flaw, he relies on language and words kind of than traditional war and action. This is totally contrasting to Bullingbrooks characterisation in Act I, he is volition to fight Mowbray till death And as I truly fight, defend me heaven (I/III/41), he is a man of action and it is this which ultimately leads to Richards fall and defeat.However, this is somewhat ironic as his helplessness is words, but Shakespeare himself is a man of words and beautifully p oetic language, which makes his failing and collapse even more dramatic as it is totally un-expected for his audience. As well as seeing Richards dependence on words and poetry we also are also introduced to another of Richards fatal mistakes. In Act 1 Scene 4 we see Richard in a completely new light, when Bushy informs him of Gaunts deteriorating health and the fact he is close to death, instead of feeling grief or any malice or despondency his first thought is of his inheritance.His response is cruel and heartless, only focusing on his pecuniary gains from Gaunts death, The lining of his coffers shall make coats/ To deck our soldiers for these Irish wars. Gaunts inheritance is right-fully his countersigns, Bullingbrook, so by taking it Richard is giving Bullingbrook a reason to avenge and try to destroy him. Not only does this make Richard seem brutal and callous, but also narcissistic and gallant as he does not even consider Bullingbrooks reaction.As Richard believes he is Go ds representative on earth, he sees himself as untouchable impenetrable, so Bullingbrooks anger does not matter as he cannot defeat him as he is protected by God- an idea certain to make Richard fall, and clearly apparent to the audience. Overall, Richards portrayal changes throughout Act I as his flaws and cracks begin to show. He is shown to be authoritative and powerful initially but we then see him to not be as powerful as he believes himself to be. However, there is no doubt that he is egocentric and contemptuous, apparent through his exaggerated self-opinion.

Advertising Makes You Buy Things You Do Not Need!

Aim of this paper is to discuss the question whether announce manipulates us to buy things we dont in truth need. In other words, we would comparable to debate the issue of the impact of trade and advertisement on our rational thinking and decision making process. Based on various examples, we would like to show that the statement can be proven to be true. We believe the statement can be denied only by either using different definition (understanding of publicize) or by argument that advertising manipulates only several groups of people that are vulnerable to be manipulated.Nevertheless, the previous statement only supports the hardiness of the statement. Man can argue that the behavior of the people depends on the individual personality, economic condition and the mien a company advertises their product Ana ten Locknut offers given to ten product. Our point Is, Tanat tenure are various advertising techniques with various targets. Another big question is how can we Judge what kind of goods and service are necessary, and which good is bought only to show-off among their friends and relatives?What is a need, and what is Just a volition? This paper will argue the manipulation via marketing exists and the advertisement is making us to buy things we do not actually need. We want to support the statement by using real examples, that are divided based on the common psychological effect or methods habitd to manipulate peoples mind. We would like to stress the importance of psychology which is seen as a main tool used by advertising companies. Only via careful use of psychology are marketers able to create touching advertisements.

IS Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IS Security - Essay utilisationTherefore, manufacturers have come up with security clays that protect the in operation(p) transcription and application from attackers, but this scheme do not ensure 100 percent security guarantee. However, those produced for run trunk are proving to a greater extent than effective than those developed for application due to various factors addressed in this paper. This has made most pot come to a conclusion that there is less attention to applications compared to the operating system, which is not the case. Why a good level of security is achieved in operating systems than applications The frequent patching and updating of operating system limits the chances of attackers from attacking the system. On the contrary, it appears that operating systems get more attention than applications. This section provides information on why there is a perception that operating systems have higher levels of security than applications. ... On2 the same note, o ther types of threats that should be considered are interceptions, modification, fabrication and interruptions, which are similar to the threats experienced in computer applications.2 Applications run on the operating systems. Therefore, it is easy for an attacker to use the application file or vulnerability to attack the operating system either through one application or by infecting other applications. This enables the user or system administrator to detect the attack before affecting the operating system, hence the misconception that security threats are more prevalent in applications than operating systems. One difference between operating system security reveal and application is file permissions. An example of this is when an application misunderstands the semantics of an operating system file or totally omits a check. This problem does not occur in operating systems this stems from the fact that any attempt to open a given file will prompt a permission check as the file perm issions marry to individual files.2 On the other hand, some operating systems mechanisms result to complex security issues for the applications used today. run systems are not flexible in offering support, resulting to a compromised security issue. An example of such operating system is that of UNIX, which violates some privileges by only supporting a two level privilege that includes fall and user. To limit these 3limitations, it introduces set user id, set group id and chroot (2) that are particularly limiting and inadequate. These applications aim to stimulate responsible for granting permissions, accepting requests, and managing resources, which