A group II metal hydroxide Essay

To find the identity of X(OH)2 (a group II metal hydroxide) by determining it’s solubility from a titration with 0.05 mol dm-3 HCL Theory:1. Titrations are the reaction between an acid solution with an alkali. In this reaction (called neutralization), the acid donates a proton (H+) to the alkali (base). When the two solutions are combined, the products made are salt and water. For example: 2HCl(aq) + X(OH)2 (aq) XCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l) This shows the one of the products i.e. salt being XCl2 and water. So titration therefore helps to find the concentration for a solution of unknown concentration. This involves the controlled addition of a standard solution of known. Indicators are used to determine, at what stage has the solution reached the ‘equivalence point'(inflextion point). This means at which, does the number of moles base added equals the number of moles of acid present. i.e. pH 7 Titration of a strong Acid with a Strong Base: As shown in the graph, the pH goes up slowly from the start of the tiration to near the equivalence point. i.e (the beginning of the graph). At the equivalence point moles of acid equal mole of base, and the solution contains only water and salt from the cation of the base and the anion of the acid. i.e. the vertical part of the curve in the graph. At that point, a tiny amount of alkali casuses a sudden, big change in pH. i.e. neutralised. Also shown in the graph are methyl orange and phenolpthalein. These two are both indicators that are often used for acid-base titrations. They each change colour at different pH ranges. For a strong acid to strong alkali titration, either one of those indicators can be used. However for a strong acid/weak alkali only methyl orange will be used due to pH changing rapidly across the range for methyl orange. That is from low to high pH i.e. red to yellow respectively pH (3.3 to 4.4), but not for phenolpthalein. Weak acid/strong alkali, phenolpthalein is used, the pH changes rapidly in an alkali range. From high to low pH, that is from pink to colourless pH(10-8.3) respectively but not for methyl orange. However for a weak acid/ weak alkali titrations there’s no sharp pH change, so neither can work. Therefore in this investigation, the titration will be between a 0.05 mol dm-3 of HCl with X(OH)2, using phenolphthalein. Dependant Variable: Is the volume of HCl to achieve a colour change that is from pink to colourless. The Controlled variables : 1. the same source of HCl 2. same concentration of HCl 3. Same source of X(OH)2 4. Same volume of X(OH)2 5. Same equipment, method, room temperature Controlled Variables How to control How to monitor 1. Same source of HCl Using the same batch of HCl or from the same brand will control this. If the concentration was not to be same throughout, then this will cause different ratios of the components of the solution, that might cause different volume of HCl to be obtained for the neutralization to occur. 2. Same concentration of HCl This will be controlled by using the same batch of HCl and from the same source i.e. the same brand. By using the same batch ensures that the reactant concentration is the same. If another batch were to be used causes the concentration to differ. This causes the HCl obtained to be different. 3.Same source of X(OH)2 Using the same batch of X(OH)2 or from the same brand will control this. If the concentration was not to be same throughout, then this will cause different ratios of the components of the solution that might cause different volume of HCl to be obtained for the neutralization to occur. 4. Same volume of X(OH)2 This will be controlled by using the same batch of X(OH)2 and from the same source i.e. the same brand. By using the same batch ensures that the reactant concentration is the same. If another batch were to be used causes the concentration to differ. This causes the HCl obtained to be different. 5. Same equipment, method, room temperature The method would be kept the same and the same set of equipment and brand will need to be used throughout. The room temperature will be kept throughout at 180C by using a water bath. If different equipment or brands were used then there would be a lot of anomalies in the experiment causing a huge amount of inaccuracy of measurement particularly. Results: Raw data results were collected by using 25.00 cm3 of X(OH)2 with phenolphthalein and the volume of HCl was obtained by the solution going from pink to colourless. The volume of HCl found in 50.0cm3 burette à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.05 cm3 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Average 19.600 19.800 19.600 19.700 19.675 Qualitative results that occurred during the experiment: * Conical flask swirling not even between the trials * Difficult to judge ‘colourless’ solution change – subjective end point * Ability to measure 25cm3 * Filling of burette accurately with HCl – 0 point in right spot * Residual distilled water or solutions remain in conical flask i.e. diluted/interfered with subsequent solutions of X(OH)2 Average = trials (1+2+3+4)/4 Therefore: (19.6 + 19.8 + 19.6 + 19.7)/4 = 98.5/4 = 19.675 Due to the equation being 2HCl(aq) + X(OH)2 (aq) XCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l) Therefore the ratio is 2:1 of 2 HCl : 1 X(OH)2 So using the equations mentioned above: Moles of acid is the number of moles= concentration X volume i.e. the volume will be used from the average Therefore: =0.05mol/dm3 x 19.675 cm3 =19.6 cm3 / 1000 = 0.0196 dm3 =0.05mol/dm3x0.0196 dm3 = 0.00098 moles So Moles of alkali in 25.000 cm3 Moles of HCl / 25.000 cm3 due to the ratio being 2:1, therefore 0.00098/2= 0.00049 moles of HCl So now the ratio is 1:1 so 0.00049 moles of X(OH)2 Moles of alkali in 100 cm3 It is assumed that there are four lots of 25 cm3 = 4 x 0.00049 = 0.00196 moles The next series of results will be used to calculate solubility of each compound by their mass in 100 cm3 The total Mr has been calculated in the table below for each compound. This was done by : Mr of X + ((O + H) X 2). Each element Mr for the following elements (OH)2 Total Mr Be 9.010 (16.00 +1.01) X 2 = 34.020 43.030 Mg 24.310 (16.00 +1.01) X 2 = 34.020 58.330 Ca 40.080 (16.00 +1.01) X 2 = 34.020 74.100 Sr 87.620 (16.00 +1.01) X 2 = 34.020 121.640 Ba 137.340 (16.00 +1.01) X 2 = 34.020 171.360 To obtain the solubility’s of metal II hydroxides is moles X Mr of the compound Therefore this table shows the calculation for the solubility’s for each of the different compounds Each element Total Mr Moles of X(OH)2 Solubiltity given as g/100 cm3 Literature values of the compounds given as g/100 cm3 Be(OH)2 43.03 0.00196 0.0843 0.000 Mg(OH)2 58.33 0.00196 0.114 0.001 Ca(OH)2 74.10 0.00196 0.0145 0.170 Sr(OH)2 121.64 0.00196 0.0238 0.770 Ba(OH)2 171.36 0.00196 0.335 3.700 Uncertainties: The uncertainty in measurement: Uncertainty due to pipette of 25.000 cm3 : Volume of X(OH)2 = à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.100 cm3 Percentage uncertainty = (0.1/25) X 100 = 0.400% Uncertainty due to Burrette of 50.000 cm3: Assumed due to measured volume of 19.675 cm3 and the uncertainty due to the smallest unit of measurement being 0.1 cm3 Therefore 0.1/2= à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.050 cm3 Percentage uncertainty = (0.05 /19.675) X 100 = 0.254% Therefore total uncertainty = 0.400% + 0.254% = 0.654% Conclusion and Evaluation: X(OH)2 is most likely to be Ca(OH)2 as the calculated solubility is closest to the literature value given of Ca(OH)2. The solubility for Ca(OH)2 0.145 g/100 cm3 and the literature value is 0.170 g/100 cm3. This shows that the difference is only 0.025 cm3. However the comparison between Be(OH)2 of the calculated solubility is 0.0843 g/100 cm3 and of it’s literature value 0.000 g/100 cm3 . Shows that there is a greater difference. Showing that it cannot be X(OH)2 solution. This is also shown for Mg(OH)2 as the difference between the calculated solubility and the literature value is 0.113 g/100 cm3, showing that it still has a greater difference than Calcium hydroxide does. The difference between Sr(OH)2 and it’s literature value is 0.532g/100 cm3. However the difference between the calculated solubility of Barium hydroxide and the literature value is 3.365 g/100 cm3 showing there is a great difference so it cannot be Barium hydroxide. The percentage error of Ca(OH)2 = [(0.170 – 0.145)/0.170] X 100 = (0.025/0.170) X 100 = 14.705% Throughout the experiment there were systematic errors and random errors that were met. Uncertainties/limitations Error Type of error Quantity of error Explanation for error Improvements Measurement in burette Systematic error +/- 0.05cm3 Equipment limitation, this is because the line where each of the reading might not be precise. Different manufacturer should be used with multiple trials in order to increase the accuracy of the calculated value to the literature value. Measurement in pipette Systematic error +/-0.1cm3 Equipment limitation, this is because due to the pipette only holding 25 cm3 of volume. The line could have been where the actual reading might not be Causing the result to not be precise. Different manufacturer should be used with multiple trials in order to increase the accuracy of the calculated value to the literature value. Point of colour change Random error Not quantifiable Human observation – subjective measurement. This is because even though a white tile is used, it is unclear as to what point has the solution gone colourless. Use alternative indicator for several different trials, use pH meter to assess neutralization point. Therefore there will be a more precise point as to when the solution becomes green. Temperature fluctuations Random error Not quantifiable There can be a change of measurements of equipment due to variation in expansion and contraction of materials. Due to the temperatures not being constant from the fan, windows or from the air conditioner. Controlled lab environment of the temperature by using a water bath at 180C with no air conditioner, fans working. To ensure no fluctuations occur. Fluctuations in humidity of room Random error Not quantifiable Change solution concentrations due to differences in evaporation rate in the surrounding air. Controlled lab environment Calibration error in burette Systematic error Not quantifiable 0 line incorrectly marked Divisions on burette inaccurate Use different manufacturer’s equipment for other trials Calibration error in pipette Systematic error Not quantifiable 25cm3 line incorrectly marked. Because it is unclear as to where the true meniscus lies. Causing the values measured out to be not precise. Also due to there being only one line causes a further decrease in the precision of the results. Use different manufacturer’s equipment for other trials to ensure that the accuracy increases. Another improvement that will be done, if the experiment were to be repeated is that due to the inaccuracy of the conical flask being swirled. If the conical flask is being swirled unevenly there is a chance of inaccurate results of when the colourless solution occurs. Therefore a stirring rod should be used to increase the accuracy of the swirls of the reaction in the conical flask. Another limitation that arouse in this experiment that would be improved if the experiment were to be done again is that after the neutralization reaction had occurred, there would still be some residue of the distilled water used to rinse out the equipment. This can be improved by increase the number of repeats of rinse. This would ensure that more of the diluted solution would have been removed. Also the trials can also increase, to 10 repeats so that there is more variance so that the accuracy increases. Another improvement might be, to use different indicator, for example methyl orange. Due to the colour change would be from red to yellow would make it easier for the pH 7 to be more easily recognized against a white tile then it was with phenolphthalein. Cited Sources: 1. http://www.vigoschools.org/~mmc3/c1%20lecture/Chemistry%201-2/Lecture%20Notes/Unit%205%20-%20Acids%20and%20Titration/L3%20-%20Acid-Base%20Reactions%20and%20Titration.pdf

JG-TAG

From teaching prospective natural language processing is superior due in large part to the â€Å"domain of locality â€Å"in this theory. Also it provides a brilliant framework to represent different verb classes using tag trees. TAG has always excelled in providing context sensitivity to a basic rule system and a lexicalized JG grammar implementation would allow JG structures that have previously been represented programmatically to be described in a more easily visualized and maintainable data structure format. The verb class JG-TAG trees would also simplify the lexical rules by attaching them to specific verbs and allowing them to be limited to the context of a specific verb. One of the exercises in creating such a system would involve the format of lexical rules that would be attached to the JG-TAG trees. Each JG-like rule in the tree specifies left-to-right, right-to-left or discontinuous ordering. Recall that the JG approach involves in-situ wh-elements and a specific traversal order without creating target nodes for movement. Thus the algorithm for deciding traversal would reflect, but not implement, movement. The documentation and implementation papers for the JG ordering algorithms and transfer language used in an early machine translation project could be a good starting point for a JG-TAG system (Melby 1974, Gessel 1975). Another challenge would be matching and using features attached to JG nodes with the TAG feature capabilities. TAG unification features that prevent more than one tense-bearing verb to be attached usually would be implemented by JG lexical agreement rules. However, the feature unification approach from TAG provides a straightforward manner to keep track of main and auxiliary verbs and their inflections as a sentence is created from the tree. Mandatory, optional and null adjunction constraints allow the relationships between the various TAG tree sets to be carefully defined, linked together and maintained. Expert rule systems generally need these kinds of constraints in order to assure tractable development and maintenance. These same capabilities would be very advantageous to link together JG tree fragments that would define a working grammar for a particular language. The power of the MC-TAG trees that encapsulate semantic relationships would then output not just a surface ordered derived tree but an order-independent syntax/semantics representation less dependent on th derivation tree for semantic relationships. The JG trees are not at as low a semantic level as the derivation tree but provide structure related to the original utterance (e.g. active vs. passive) and are very rich in specific syntax and semantic relationships (e.g. themes and verb classes with thematic roles (Millett, 1975)) between the concepts of the utterance. Comparative and quantifier structures have a particularly rich semantic structure in JG (Lytle 1985) and a JG-TAG system could facilitate comparison of the capabilities of a JG-based text-understanding application to other standard approaches. A JG-TAG system could also provide a standardized application and coding framework for using Junction Grammar. Conclusions As TAG formalisms have been applied to natural languages, their advantages over context-free phrase structure rules have become more apparent. Many useful re- finements to the basic TAG formalism have supported a wide variety of structures. Meanwhile JG embodies rather different assumptions than do traditional theories: a separation of linguistic data via conceptual and articulation trees, junction operators on non-terminal nodes, multiple-linked tree structures, and flexible traversal of lexical rules. The appreciable overlap of approaches with TAG and JG has prompted this discussion on combining the benefits of both theoretical systems to represent and process Junction Grammar trees. The advantages of the mildly context sensitive lexical JG-TAG system proposed in this paper can expand the domain of locality for JG trees, simplify lexical rules by attaching them to supertag class trees and draw on the extensive NLP experience using TAG based systems to benefit JG. TAG could likely also benefit from junctions, ordering, and multiple tree enhancements from Junction Grammar.

The power of an advertisement

The power of an advertisement lies on its ability to provoke interest from its audience. The moment the audience sees the ad, it should have the capability to lure its audience into becoming its willing consumers and this charm must be strong enough to create a loyal market. Nowadays, however, this has become increasingly difficult to do. With the consumers getting wiser and more critical of what they perceive in society and the environment, advertisers must create more innovative ways to reach them.Advertisements today need a more global reach in such a way that they have to touch every aspect of daily life making new forms of address more essential. The ad by the clothing company Diesel cleverly attains this. At first glance, it immediately demands the attention of the consumer. The mere idea of a young man kneeling to pray evokes a sense of conscious reflection. In a world where everything seems to point to materiality and gratification of worldly desires, it is an ingenious idea to use faith to capture attention.The young man, in casual Italian Diesel jeans and shirt having that look on his face indicating that of an intent plea, creatively portrays a notion of spirituality or probably the ironic lack of it. It appeals to its audience and highlights the role that faith play in society; its importance and meaning. At closer look, the man is apparently praying while on the treadmill. This adds to the intrigue because it symbolizes the culture of the youth and society in general. The words â€Å"live fast† on the bottom, with text effects and all, enhances the appeal of a fast paced world.The fact that the man wears a watch also assumes the idea of a society where time is important and critical use of it must be employed. The identity that the ad has established is easily assumed and related. Combined together, the ad exploits the irony between the fast moving lifestyle of people and the slow realm of reflection and prayer. It is rather difficult to rec oncile engaged prayer into a world that essentially inhibits it. With a lifestyle that seems to promote only stop and go, as to be seen carefully from the â€Å"pray runner† treadmill, the option of pausing for a moment in prayer and faith is unlikely.This striking image attempts to stand out among all the confusion that advertisements bring, and it succeeds. Jacobson et al discusses that most often, â€Å"ads speak directly to our innermost, unarticulated needs, proffering ineffective palliatives for real social and personal problems† (Jacobson et al, 1995). Ads may turn out to be ineffective solutions for real problems but the idea behind it is to create an avenue for deep thought and contemplation, a mode to capture the consumers’ inner reflections and influence and direct them towards the brand. In this the Diesel ad does well.The idea implied in the ad may be seen as to provide a social criticism while introducing a lifestyle geared towards consumerism. The idea commercial appeal and introduction of conflict creates a space for difference and being able to make the two meet means being able to conquer more diverse markets. As Giroux points out, those that shock people have become the most effective means of getting to the consumers. (Giroux, 1994) Moreover, as the ad is intended to promote to consumers its online stores; it effectively relays that fast lifestyles need fast ways of consuming.Thus, through the internet, Diesel provides the conveniences of â€Å"high speed shopping†. It works effectively as a target specific ad but it may be seen as an ad aimed for the general public as well. The impact that it implies and associates with the brand will linger on in the minds of its consumers, and it would not matter whether they purchase online or at the stores. The ad inculcates the idea of living fast on its audiences and thus the modern lifestyle of people today is held in close association to the brand.The ad strives to creat e a sense of relation, a connection to the modern consumers and it reinforces the idea that advertising ingratiates itself to the daily functions of modern life. (Vanderbilt, 1997) In all, the Diesel ad employs an ingenious way to address the consumers’ search for the meaning of public truths. It effectively captures the attention of its audience by creating an image directly intended to evoke human feelings of morals and principles.The ad uses irony to question society and the lifestyle that people currently have. It reminds people of their faith, values and inclinations but does so in a way that is not negative and condemning. At the same time it suggests a solution geared towards complimenting the fast paced world of society, successfully creating an impact for the Diesel brand. The ad becomes a powerful tool for Diesel to connect to its consumers and instill on them an enduring influence that would last even if the ad’s idea of prayer and faith had not.

Shaping the American Dream, defining success from the first World war Essay

Shaping the American Dream, defining success from the first World war to present - Essay Example American culture after World War II equated good citizenship with good consumerism. People have been encouraged to consume more and better. Leisure activities are an example of this; before the 20th century, most of the leisure time of an average American was spent in the family, church, and activities related to community. In the early half of the 20th century, leisure activities such as playing with recreational products or watching movies mostly replaced the social activities on the basis of consumption (Spring 96). Cold War played an important role in tying American Dream to consumerism. Although the democracy in America had a strong contrast with the Soviet totalitarianism, yet the politicians in America promoted mass consumption as a way of differentiating between Americans and the Soviets. William H. Whyte, Fortune editor stated in 1957, â€Å"Thrift is now un-American† (Cohen 121). In 1959, American Exhibition was organization in Moscow whose economic highlight was demonstration of America’s consumer goods to the Soviet leaders. President Richard Nixon said at the exhibition, â€Å"To us, diversity, the right to choose†¦is the most important thing. †¦We have many †¦ many different kinds of washing machines so that the housewives have a choice† (Nixon cited in Spring 137). Here, Nixon drew audiences’ attention toward the variety of ways of consumption for the Americans to explain diversity rather than giving examples of political or social signific ance. The relationship between good consumerism, good citizenship, and the American Dream has lived up to date. Americans united under the leadership of President Bush after the 9/11 attacks, and a brief charitable outpouring followed. Despite having a great opportunity to foster non-consumerist behavior in the Americans, Bush simply reminded Americans of the importance of consumerism in the development of a strong economy in the post-9/11 attacks speeches. Bush said that the best action

Results and Discussion and abstract (action research paper) Essay

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Choose any topic. i dont have specific one Essay

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Explain how the development and growth of the stock market effects the Essay

Explain how the development and growth of the stock market effects the real economy - Essay Example Stock markets have securities notified on stock exchanges and also provide private trading facilities. According to an estimate, at the close of 2012, world stock market was more than $50 trillion with US having the largest market of about 35% and United Kingdom and Japan with 6% each (Perry 1-2). Impact of stock market growth and development on economies is indeed an important area of research among economists. It provides for steering financial matters and forming future economic strategy to improve business and investment environment of a country. Thus impact of stock market growth has both direct and indirect effects on an economy. Industries, Service providers and Corporations of various types get their stocks available in stock market. Large companies usually put their stock available/ registered in many exchange markets around the world. It is done after weighing potentials of business in a specific stock market. Participant of stock markets are traders, banks, retail investors, insurance companies and corporations etc. which deem to invest, buy, sell, transfer and even evaluate their stocks through the facility of a stock market. Trading in stock market is done through evaluation and bidding process carried out among buyers and sellers who agree over a deal on value o f the product. From hedge funds to stock investors the participants of a market can perform this activity anywhere in the world. A representative of business activity carries out buying, selling, exchange or valuation on behalf of his employer to execute exchange activity. Thus companies are not physically available or do not come with their active products and investment plans but they perform these transactions virtually through their representatives. A rational response to the concept of stock exchange and its activities can be transpired as effectiveness and vibrancy of economic activities in a market.

One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) - Research Paper Example   To survive in this competitive world; universalization of education or at least elementary education is very important. Keeping this fact in mind most countries regard the Right to Education as a Fundamental Right. A laptop teaches beyond instructions. It will deliver a whole new world to these children. They would actively engage in learning through doing, sharing knowledge, and this will bring out the best practices in them. A point worth noticing is that if each child gets an access to the computer or a laptop, phenomenal amount of potential can be trapped which may solve a number of problems without much efforts. According to laptop.org In 2002 MIT professor, Nicholas Negroponte experienced first hand how connected laptops transformed the lives of children and their families in a remote Cambodian village. The laptop also called the XO laptop is a small and compact machine serving a huge cause. Size of a textbook, this machine is designed with a unique screen that can withstan d hot and humid conditions. It is easily readable under direct sunlight. It is a boon for children studying outdoors. It has an inbuilt wireless and also provides local language support. The XO laptop has been supplied to a number of countries like Ethiopia, Haiti, Afghanistan, Australia, Cambodia, Mongolia, Rwanda etc. Almost all schools, where XO laptop is supplied have reported an increase in the attendance as the children engage in exploring their own potential to emerge with an incredible power to transform the world.

David Reimer Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

David Reimer Case - Essay Example You may be born as a male or female. Another important factor that should be noticed is that sexuality does not determine the gender of a person it is actually the gender that determines what kind of sexuality a person will have. May be a stage came when you lost your personhood and became inhuman. This is the stage when you fall into the category of people who are living unlivable life. Have you ever thought why sometime we compare a person with an animal You might have heard a word "inhuman" or have heard someone saying around you or in news that he/she has done an inhuman act and had disgraced humanity and then people commenting that the certain person is not human we can't call him human after what he did. Didn't you ThinkWe do so when a person did any cruel, brutal or nasty act. A human being is said to be human because he has feelings, emotions, power to make decisions, to think and when he make a decision that is inhuman somehow, while having all his senses in order is said to be inhuman. Once you create such image in society people will start avoiding you and one day you will realize that you don't have any social life. Man is said to be a social animal and when you lost your sociality what else will remain .an animal. So we can also say that it is one of the symptoms that will make you think where are you standing What is your social status How are you being recognized Whether you are known as person or a human According to author," A life for which no categories of recognition exist is not a livable life, so a life for which those categories constitute unlivable constraints is not an acceptable option". What comes next important to humanness, whether it is sexual difference or racial and ethnic differences In this regard Butler says that "those who believe that sexual difference are no more primary then racial and ethnic differences are right". In order to prove her statement she says that rapists or one night sperm donors can't be called "fathers" in social sense. Such person is called accused not a father. Keeping all the things mentioned above just think for a while about a person who doesn't know his identification, whether he is a male or a female This is what exactly happened with the hero of Butler's book named, David. We have mentioned above that a person is born to be a man or women and then comes being human or inhuman but what about a person who even don't know about his gender. One, who is born as a boy, brought up as a girl and again started living as a boy, a person who has lived both genders, what would be his feelings, was his life livable Being human or inhuman is far away in such cases, a person kept on fighting to make his recognition, to make his status in society. A person who is being criticized for nothing, he has done nothing inhuman so why people are commenting on his gender Why he seems unfit to them It is because of inhuman acts done by

Implementing organizational change plan Assignment

Implementing organizational change plan - Assignment Example To identify the factors required to implement change in the defense sector, focus on strategies for change implementation, evaluate methods to monitor the implementation of such change, examine relationship between organization’s personnel, processes and systems, etc. In the previous years, army life was supposed to be one of the best careers possible owing to the benefits it provided. Forget about the hardship of the soldiers, they were provided with high payments and other amenities. As time went on, and with the advent of highly paying service sector, the soldiers are comparing their lives with those of the highly paid service professionals who do not face the risk of their life. Added to this, the discomfort of parting from their family members and the work humiliation by their superiors is forcing the youngsters to rethink their career options into army. But, as the country’s security lies in the hands of these youth, it becomes imperative to bring about considerab le organizational change in this sector.A comprehensive plan needs to be developed to subdue the effect of these factors. Strategies for successful implementation of proposed change: After examining abovementioned factors, the proposed change can be a welcome in the army only when the subordinates are also included in the planning process. This is called Management by Objectives. In this process, 1. The organizational objectives and their purpose are clearly defined: As for the defense sector, the main objective is to maintain peace in the country and defend an enemy when such situations arise. This should be made clear to every army personnel. 2. The key Performance Areas (KPA’s) have to be drawn down realistically by the superiors: The superiors have to give great importance to the security of their personnel to gain their confidence. Detailed plans have to be drawn about the operations to be used in the warfronts and they have to be communicated clearly. 3. Setting of obje ctives for sub-ordinates: The KPA’s for every individual could be to maintain peace and harmony in the department, upgrade personal skills to imbibe new warfront technologies, exhibit presence of mind at the wartime and perform what is required at that very moment. The sub-ordinates should be explained of their roles in reaching the objectives to minimize the gap between the expectations and their performance. 4. Objective matching with the resources: The superiors should foray into technology, task and structure related changes and design the best methodology for the subordinates.

Nonprofit Sports Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Nonprofit Sports Marketing Plan - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that UBA will be operating mainly for the population of Saipan. However, it plans to continue on its success, of organizing inter-Island tournaments. The main target market will be students of public schools who do not get enough opportunities to play high-quality Basketball. UBA plans to build a reputation and differentiate itself from its customer on the basis of its officials and referees. The capital expenditure is nonexistent for UBA thus risk associated with UBA will be very low. With dedication and expertise, UBA will grow into a nonprofit brand which is the symbol of Basketball in Saipan. With the advent of consumerism, a phenomenon not new to the human race has surfaced once again. As a result of capitalism, we live in a society which doesn’t give equal opportunities to everyone; some of our brightest talents are wasted because of a lack of opportunities. Thus the need arises for organizations which would compensate for this i nequality by providing free services to the young minds of tomorrow. Ventures such as these are not only an act of philanthropy, bringing our society together in an act of charity but also entrepreneurial in nature. They create jobs thus reduce unemployment and add to the GDP. Team sports are the basic tool in the upbringing of any child. They instill the basic sense of loyalty that is necessary to a tribal being such as humans. They provide the basic training in how to live in a society, how to belong to something else outside your own personality and a home. This is a feeling which later develops into nationalism and humanity. A very famous team sport is Basketball. With millions of diehard fans in America now the game is expanding fast to other nations of the world. Recently it became part of the Olympics as well. Basketball requires the players to display accuracy, strength, agility, and guile for success.

Effective Communication Essay Example for Free

Effective Communication Essay Make a list (in note form) of some of the techniques you have developed to enable you to communicate effectively with the CYP you work with. OR Write a brief account of some work you have done in the past two years with a YP who had communication problems,which were not due to a disability. Ensure the YP could not be identified from your account, by changing some personal deatails. Good communication is central to working with children, and young people, It is a fundamental part of the Common Core. It involves listening, questioning, understanding and responding to what is being communicated by the CYP‘. It is important to be able to communicate both on a one-on-one basis and in a group context. Communication is not just about the words I use, but also my manner of speaking, body language and, above all, the effectiveness with which I can listen. To communicate effectively it is important to take account of culture and context, for example where English is an additional language. Effective engagement requires me to involve the CYP’s in the design and delivery of services and decisions that affect them. It is important for me to consult with them and consider their opinions and perspectives from the outset. A key part of my effective communication and engagement is trust, both between the workforce, children and young people. To build a rapport with the CYP’s , I understand that it is important for me to demonstrate understanding, respect and honesty. Continuity in relationships promotes engagement and the improvement of their lives.. * I am always aware that the CYP may not have understood what I have communicated * I Know that communication is a two-way process * I Know how to listen to people, make them feel valued and involved, and know when it is important to focus on the individual rather than the group. * I am aware of different ways of communicating, including electronic channels, and understand barriers to communication. . * I Know how to report and record information formally and informally in the appropriate way. I listen and build empathy by * Developing and using effective communication systems that are appropriate to them * I Establish a good rapport and respectful, trusting relationship with the children. I Build a rapport and develop relationships using the appropriate form of communication (for example, spoken language, play, body language). * Communicate effectively with all children. * I Hold conversations at the appropriate time and place, understanding the value of day to day contact. * I ensure I’m always aware that some children and young people do not communicate verbally and that I would need to adapt my style of communication to meet their needs and abilities. * I Understand the effects of non-verbal communication such as body language, and appreciate that different cultures use and interpret body language in different ways. * I Build open and honest relationships by respecting CYP and make them feel valued * I Actively listen in a calm, open, non-threatening manner and use questions to check understanding and acknowledge that I have heard what is being said. * I Summarise situations in the appropriate way for the individual (taking into account factors such as background, age and personality). * I Explain clearly to the CYP what kind of information I may have to share with others. * I Explain what has happened or will happen next and check their understanding and where appropriate, their consent to the process. * I Let the child know that I am interested and involved and that I will help them if and when needed. * I Turn off the television or stop what I am doing when a child wants to talk or avoid taking a telephone call when a child has something important to tell me. * Unless other people are specifically meant to be included, I hold conversations in privacy. The best communication between myself and a child will occur when others are not around. * I never Embarrass a child or putt them on the spot in front of others as this will lead to resentment and hostility, not good communication. * I’m aware of my height and I Don’t tower over a child. I Physically get down to the child’s level then talk. * If I am very angry about a behaviour or an incident, I don’t attempt communication until I regain my cool, because I cannot be objective until then. I have learnt that It is better to stop, settle down, and talk to the child later * If I’m very tired, I try to make an extra effort to be an active listener. Genuine active listening is hard work and is very difficult when your mind and body are already tired. * I Listen carefully and politely. I Don’t interrupt the child when they are trying to tell their story * I Don’t ask why, I ask what happened. * If I have knowledge of a situation, I will confront the child with the information that I know or have been told. * I never use put-down words or statements: dumb, stupid, lazy: * I will Assist a child in planning some specific steps to the solution. * I Show that i accept the child for themselves, regardless of what they have or have not done * I try to Reinforce the child for keeping communication open. I Do this by accepting them and praising their efforts to communicate * I use encouraging phases especially with children diagnosed with ADHD as these children may need more praise than the average child. And Unfortunately, because of their behaviour they often receive less. It is important to communicate clearly with children, honestly stating feelings and expectations. Not only do children pay attention to our words, they also react to our tone of voice and body language as well. Because communication is a complex process, it’s important to think of the implications of wh at we say Task 2 Using personal experience or some information either from the seminar or a trustworthy source on the internet, describe how you have used or could use aids to communicate with YP’s who have some form of disability, and indicate the kinds of conditions you have encountered, or may encounter in your work. Very briefly list some other aids to communicate which you could explore and utilise , should the need arise. I have recently had experience working with a child who had a form Of a disability,( Autism)To communicate with them I used A communication passport with pictures, photographs, words and symbols to share important information about the child’s needs, interests and their ways of communicating. The child took this passport into different settings so that everyone is well informed, I.e. meetings school, club, outside activities etc. It was important for this child to be aware of who was working with them in advance so we made a photo wall, all staff members pictures were taken and placed on the wall and during the day and especially at bedtimes staff would go over the wall with the child explaining who would be working with them the following day. I also used a pictorial book in much the same way, The child needed structure and stability and gained this from knowing exactly what would happen who with and when, In the morning I would sit down with the child before school explain who would be taking them to school; in what vehicle, what teachers they would be seeing today, what lessons they had today. What time staff would be collecting them in what vehicle and then go over in detail what they would be doing after school. Conditions I have encountered or may encounter in my work is not knowing fully if a child has understood everything I’ve communicated with them I have learnt that People with a learning disability may appear to understand, but may actually be responding to my tone of voice, or familiar cues in the situation. They may misunderstand, forget or not catch some of what I have said. They may often say yes in answering questions, even if they do not fully understand sometimes because they do not want to make difficulties. They may not be able to contradict me if I have misunderstood what they mean or want. They may be bilingual, and have greater skills in one language than another. Some children may take longer to process what I am saying. Others may find physical movement or speech a big effort, so it will take them longer to respond. It is important to never over estimate the skills. †¢ Make sure the child can hear, see and is comfortable †¢ Make sure hearing aids or glasses are used if necessary, and that they work properly! †¢ Make sure talk clear and allow the child to read lips if necessary †¢ Use sign /gesture and pictures to back up speech †¢ Make sure information is presented clearly for people to see †¢ Make sure people are positioned for good communication – seating is key †¢ Make sure the environment is quiet and there are not too many distractions †¢ Check out general health and comfort– are they in pain, physical difficulties, or experiencing the effects of medication (tired or sleepy). †¢ Make sure the child can see hands and faces if signing and talking. †¢ Give enough time for the child to listen and respond. †¢ Check that i have understood by talking to others, helping the person to tell me when I have got it wrong. I don’t pretend I can understand if I really can’t! †¢ Make sure you language is kept simple and clear. †¢ Gain the child’s attention before starting to talk.   Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Show that I respect a persons way of communicating by using it to them. †¢ Make sure communication books/aids are used and not stuck in a cupboard! †¢ display good observational skills, respond to all communicative signal †¢ Be patient and don’t give up trying †¢ Leave if the person is becoming agitated Other aids to communicate * Pictures and symbols can help *Information can be written and presented in symbol or pictorial form. * Pictures and photographs can be used to illustrate written material. Communication aids: * Children can join in by pressing a switch operated aid with voice output to say, yes I agree/no, I dont or some communication aids have more complex language *Objects of reference† can be used to cue people about what is going to happen.: play football-show them a football, show them a cup for asking if they want a drink *Calendar boxes can be used to make object timetables of activities happening in the week *â€Å"Memory Boxes† are collections of meaningful artefacts and photos associated with events and can be used as the basis for conversation, and to help recall. Anything can be used for this and everyday objects of natural materials are good to use with people who have sensory difficulties. * â€Å"Multimedia Profiling† is a process which creates a personal catalogue of video clips on the computer which build up a profile of an individual. The person can be in control of their own information through switch or touch screen, and can choose when and how to share it with others. Task 3 Which government websites can you use to access up to date information and evidence based examples of good practice? Give one e.g. of something you have learned from one of these websites. How will you disseminate your learning to colleagues?

Children are a Blessing from God

Children are a Blessing from God Many have heard of yuppies but have you heard of dinkies? The first type refers to those young urban professionals who are financially secured. Dinkies (double income but no kids) refer to those married couples having no intention or unwilling to have children. Look at nature birds, bees, trees, plants and all other living things created by God. Is there a specie that does not reproduce? Every Gods creature, even a single-celled amoeba, procreates for the survival of their specie. Yet why some married couples, capable of being parents, refused to have children? Freedom to travel and to enjoy life is a frequent answer. Other reasons include less expenses, less responsibilities and fewer problems in short less headaches. A few crudely replied, We simply dont like children as if they have never been children themselves. Some argue that the old Chinese saying, raising children to safeguard our old age, no longer applies as they saw the presence of neglected parents around. They are absolutely right. Bringing up children involves countless sacrifices and giving up many of lifes enjoyment. A parents responsibilities start from a childs conception onwards to adulthood and oftentimes beyond. From a purely economic viewpoint, investing the money spent in raising and educating a child could easily provide for a comfortable retirement. All these reasons centre on avoiding responsibility and maximizing enjoyment in life. Barring any justifiable reason, there is only one appropriate word to describe this self-centred attitude selfishness. The reason to raise and to sacrifice for our children can also be summarized simply in one word love the opposite of selfishness. Love for God, our Creator by following Christs teachings. Married couples should regard it as their proper mission to transmit human life and to educate their children; they should realize that they are thereby cooperating with the love of God the Creator. They will fulfill this duty with a sense of human and Christian responsibility. (CCC #2367) Love for our spouse, i.e. to bring forth the fruits of a sacred marriage. Fecundity (producing or capable of producing offspring) is a gift, an end of marriage, for conjugal love naturally tends to be fruitful. Children are the fruits of our love for our spouse and fulfillment of our marriage. The Catechism teaches A child does not come from outside as something added on to the mutual love of the spouses, but springs from the very heart of that mutual giving, as its fruit and fulfillment. (CCC #2379) Look at those who intentionally shrink from their responsibility of having children. They may look happy and carefree but can they really find joy in their lives? I felt sorry for a former colleague suffering from mid-life emotional problems. Adamantly, he ridiculed the formality of marriage and refused to have children. I wonder if his newest Mercedes limousine, latest audio-visual equipment, memories of world travel and investment portfolio could take the place of children Gods gift that he had refused in giving joy to him and his spouse. Danny, a friend who recovered fully from cancer, told me that the support of his wife and two daughters gave him the courage to withstand the rigors of chemotherapy and other pains. He praised God for the most precious gift, his children. As for those neglected parents in their old age, they have done their duties for God and for their children. Whether their children will fulfill their own towards their parents is another matter. In comforting neglected parents, my wife, Mary, explained, Consider the joy and happiness that your child had given to you as consolation for your past sacrifices and love. Be glad that you have done your duty. A child is not something owed to one, but is a gift. The supreme gift of marriage is a human person. However, those couples who did not receive this gift need not despair. (They) should unite themselves with the Lords Cross, the source of all spiritual fecundity. They can give expression to their generosity by adopting abandoned children or performing demanding services for others. (CCC#2379) Before receiving the gift of children at his old age, Abraham asked God, What will you give me for I continue childless?(Gen 15:2) Remember, sometimes God acts in a mysterious way. Spouses suffering from infertility may not realize that Gods gift comes in many ways and at different time. Instead of giving them children, He may have given other gifts. Have faith and follow His will. For those who are struggling to support large families, they can find solace in our Churchs teaching: Sacred Scripture and the Churchs traditional practice see in large families a sign of Gods blessing and the parents generosity (CCC#2373). Our children are indeed a blessing and a gift from God.

Density Functional Theory (DFT): Literature Review

Density Functional Theory (DFT): Literature Review Theoretical Background and Literature Review 2.1 Density Functional Theory This section covers basics about Density Functional Theory (DFT), which is the theoretical method behind our investigations. For those who are interested in a much more deep knowledge about the DFT we refer to textbooks such as [29] and [30]. 2.1.1 History of Density Functional Theory To get precise and accurate results from both theoretical and computational methods, the scale of physical phenomena must be well defined. In physics and material science the relevant scales of matter are time and size. In computational material science, for the multiscale understanding in both time and size scale the smallest relevant scale of atomic interactions are best described by ab initio techniques. These techniques are based on the determination of electronic structure of the considered materials and an intelligent transfer of its characteristics to higher-order scales using multidisciplinary schemes. More specifically, if the interaction of electrons is solely described using universal principles such as the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics condensed in the Schrodinger equation, these simulations are called firstprinciples, or ab initio methods. One can also separate those methods as Hartree-Fock and post-HF techniques that mainly uses by quantum chemistry field and De nsity Functional Theory (DFT) which is typically used in of material science. Ab initio simulations are becoming remarkably popular in scientific research fields. For example in DFT case, in a simple search at Web Of Science [31] or any other publication search tool, one can easily see that number of publications that include †Density Functional Theory† in their title or abstract is over 15000 in 2013. Therefore, it can be concluded that, ab initio based research already an important third discipline that makes the connection between experimental approaches and theoretical knowledge. Figure 2.1: Usage trend of DFT over years Within ab initio simulations quantum mechanical equations for any system that may be ordered or disordered are solved. That actually gives one drawback which is, solving that kind of equations is generally only possible for simple systems, because of the expensive electron-electron interaction term. So, in general, the ab initio simulations are restricted to 150-200 atoms calculations with most powerful computer clusters. Due to the that severe limitation, better techniques and methods are developed and implemented to bring the real materials into realm of ab initio simulations. The major development of ab initio methods with practical applications took place when many electron interactions in a system was possible to be approximated using a set of one electron equations (Hartree-Fock method) or using density functional theory In 1927, Thomas [32] and Fermi [33] introduce a statistical model to compute the energy of atoms by approximate the distribution of electrons in an atom. Their concept was quite similar to modern DFT but less rigorous because of the crucial manybody electronic interaction was not taken into account. The idea of the Thomas and Fermi was that, at the starting point for simplicity that electrons do not interact with each other and using classic terms, therefore, one can describe the kinetic energy as a functional of electron density of non-interacting electrons in a homogeneous electron gas. 3 years later, in 1930, Dirac [34] succeeded to include the many-body exchange and correlation terms of the electrons and actually he formulated the local density approximation (LDA), that is still used in our days. However, the Thomas-Fermi and Dirac model that are based on homogeneous electron gas do not cover the accuracy demand in current applications. In same the years as Thomas and Fermi, Hartree [35] also introduce a procedure to calculate approximate wavefunctions and energies for atoms and that was called Hartree function. Some years later, to deal with antisymmetry of the electron system, his students Fock [36] and Slater[37], separately published self-consistent functions taking into account Pauli exclusion principals and they expressed the multi-electron wavefunction in the form of single-particle orbitals namely Slater-determinants. Since the calculations within the Hartree-Fock model are complicated it was not popular until 1950s. The fundamental concepts of density functional theory were proposed by Hohenberg and Kohn in their very well known paper in the year 1964 [38]. The main idea was trying to use the electron density instead of complex and complicated wavefunction. A wavefunction contains 3N variables, where N is the number of electrons and each electron has 3 spatial degrees of freedom. In contrast to that electron density contains only 3 variables. Therefore, the implementation of the electron density with 3 variables will be more easy to handle than 3N wavefunction variables. In their work, Hohenberg and Kohn proved that all ground state properties of a quantum system, in particular the ground state total energy, are unique functionals of the ground state density. However, the Hohenberg-Kohn (HK) formulation is not useful for actual calculations of ground state properties with enough accuracy. A major improvement was achieved one year later, in 1965. Kohn and Sham [39] proposed a formulation by partially going back to a wavefunction description in terms of orbitals of independent quasi particles. The main idea was that the many-body problem can be mapped onto a system of non-interacting quasiparticles. This approach simplified the multi-electron problem into a problem of non-interacting electrons in an effective potential. This potential includes the external potential and the effects of the Coulomb interactions between the electrons, e.g., the exchange and correlation interactions. Since then up to now the Kohn-Sham equations are used in practically all calculations based on DFT. 2.1.2 Schr ¨odinger’s Equation In quantum mechanics, analogue to Newtons equations in classical mechanics, the Schr ¨odinger equation is used. This is a partial differential equation and used to describe the physical quantities at the quantum level. The Schr ¨odinger equation forms the basis of many ab initio approaches and its non-relativistic form is an eigenvalue equation of the form: HˆÎ ¨(ri,Rj)= EÃŽ ¨(ri,Rj) (2.1) where ÃŽ ¨(ri,Rj) is the wavefunction of the system depending on the electron coordinates ri,i =1N and the coordinates of all nuclei in the system Rj,j =1M. Hˆis the Hamiltonian of a system that contains M nuclei and N electrons. Therefore, the Schr ¨odinger equation that involves both nuclei and electrons has to be solved for the many-body eigenfunctions ÃŽ ¨(r1,r2, , rN ; R1,R2, , RM ). The many-body Hamiltonian can be written in the form: Hˆ= Tˆe + Tˆn + Vˆnn + Vˆen + Vˆee (2.2) ˆˆ where all of parts are operators. Te and Tn are the kinetic energies of the ˆˆ electrons and nuclei, respectively. Ven, Vee and Vˆnn represent the attractive electrostatic interaction between the electron and the nuclei and the repulsive potential due to the electron-electron and nucleus-nucleus interactions. One can also write them down explicitly: N f2 ˆ Te = − 2 i (2.3) 2me i=1 M 2Mn n=1 f2 ˆ Tn = − 2 n (2.4) 11 M ZnZme2 = (2.5) 4Ï€ 0 2 |Rn − Rm| =1;n,mn =m ˆ Vnn ˆ Ven = − 11 MN Zne2 (2.6) 4Ï€ 0 2 |ri − Rn| n=1 i=1 j= M e = (2.7) 4Ï€ 0 2 |ri − rj| i,j=1;i 2 11 ˆ Vee where me and Mn are the electron and nuclei masses, Zn is the nuclear number of the n-th atom, e is the electronic charge and f is the Planck constant. For simplicity one can also use atomic units. Then the Hamiltonian takes the form: NMM ZnZm in 22 |Rn − Rm| i=1 n=1 n,m=1;n =m 1 1 ˆ H = − 2 2 − + (2.8) j= MNMZn − + |ri − Rn||ri − rj| n=1 i=1 i,j=1;i 2.1.3 Born-Oppenheimer Approximation It is clear that forces on both electrons or nuclei is in the same order of magnitude because of their electric charge. Therefore, the expected momen 1 tum changes due to that forces must be the same. However electrons are much smaller than nuclei (e.g. even for Hydorgen case nuclei nearly 1500 times larger than an electron) they must have higher velocity than nuclei. One can conclude that electrons will very rapidly adjust themselves to reach the ground state configuration if the nuclei start moving. Born and Oppenheimer [40] published their work in 1927, they simply separated the nuclear motion from electronic motion which is now known as the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Therefore, while solving the Hamiltonian Equation in (2.8) one can simply assume nuclei as stationary and solve the electronic ground state at first then calculate the energy of the system in that configuration and solve the nuclei motion. Then the separation of electronic and nuclear motion leads to an separation of the wavefunctions ÃŽ ¨ = ψφ of electrons and nuclei, respectively. Via the separation one can treat the nuclear motion externally by not in cluding the Hamiltonian and the â€Å"electronic† Hamiltonian can be written as: Hˆe = Tˆe + Vˆen + Vˆee (2.9) Solving the equation (2.9), one can get the total energy of the ground state of the system, which can be defined as: E0 = ψ0|He|ψ0 + Vnn (2.10) where E0 is the ground state total energy of the system and ψ0 is the eigenfunction of the electronic ground state. 2.1.4 Hohenberg-Kohn Theorem However, the Hamiltonian in Equation (2.9) is quite complicated to solve for realistic systems due to the high number of electrons and especially the term Vee makes it impossible to solve the problem exactly. Therefore, instead of solving the many-body wavefunctions, Hohenberg-Kohn deal with that problem by reducing it to the electron density Ï (r). This approach makes the fundamentals of DFT. According to Hohenberg and Kohn, the total energy of the system can be defined via the electron density as E = E[Ï (r)] and it will be the minimum for the ground state electron distribution, namely Ï 0(r). Therefore, the exact theory of many-body systems reduced to the electron density that can be defined as: Ï (r)= d3 r2d3 rN |ψ(r1, rN )|2 (2.11) and has to obey the relation: Ï (r)d3 r = N (2.12) where N is the total number of electrons in the system. One can also summarize the HK theorem in the form of the two main theorems, Theorem I : The external potential vext(r), which is the potential energy generated by the nuclei, can be determine from the ground state electron density Ï 0(r). Then Hamiltonian will be fully defined, also the wavefunction for the ground state will also be known. Theorem II : E0,the ground state total energy of the system with a particular vext will be the global minimum when Ï  = Ï 0. From the perspective of these two theorems one can write down the total electronic energy as: E[Ï ]= Te[Ï (r)] + Ï (r)vext[Ï (r)] + EH [Ï (r)] + Exc[Ï (r)]d3 r (2.13) One can also add the kinetic energy of the electrons T − e[Ï (r)], the classical Coulomb interaction (or Hartree interaction) between electrons EH [Ï (r)] and the remaining complex non-classical electron exchange correlations Exc[Ï (r)] into an universal functional FHK [Ï (r)]: E[Ï ]= FHK [Ï ]+ Ï (r)vext[Ï (r)]d3 r (2.14) The remaining will be to apply the variational principle to extract the ground state energy ÃŽ ´E[Ï (r)] |Ï =Ï 0 = 0 (2.15) ÃŽ ´Ã (r) 2.2 Kohn-Sham Equations However, the Equation (2.14) does not give an accurate solution. In that point, Kohn and Sham reformulated the current approach and introduced a new scheme by considering the orbitals by mapping the fully interacting electronic system onto a fictitious system of non-interacting quasi particles moving in an effective potential.The Kohn-Sham equations solution can be written as: ˆ HKSψi = iψi (2.16) where the Hamiltonian is HˆKS =[− 1 2 + Veff (r)] (2.17) 2 Therefore, the problem of finding the many-body Schr ¨odinger equation is now replaced by solving single particle equations. Since the KS Hamiltonian is a functional of just one electron at the point r then the electron density can be defined according to HK theorem: occ. Ï (r)= |ψi(r)|2 (2.18) i=1 Besides, kinetic energy term and the classical Coulomb interaction energy of the electrons can be define as: N 1 d3 Te = − r|ψi(r)|2 (2.19) 2 i=1 1 Ï (r)Ï (r ) EH [Ï ]= d3rd3 r(2.20) 2 |r − r | Then the Hohenberg-Kohn ground state energy cn be written according to Kohn-Sham approach: N ÃŽ ´Exc EKS = i − EH [Ï ]+ Exc − (2.21) ÃŽ ´Ã (r) i i are the one electron energies and are coming from the results of KS equations results, however it has low physical meaning. The most significant term in the Equation (2.20) is the last term. which is the exchange correlation term that contains all the many-body interactions of exchange and interactions of the electrons. One can also write down it as in the form of Hohenberg-Kohn universal functional from the equation: Exc[Ï ]= FHK [Ï ] − (Te[Ï ]+ EH [Ï ]) (2.22) The total ground state energy can be obtained from EKS in Equation (2.21). Since it contains only the electronic energy, the total ground state energy of the system is calculated by adding the nuclei-nuclei repulsion term: E0(R1, , RM )= i − EH [Ï 0]+ Exc[Ï 0] − vxcÏ 0dr + Vnn(R1, , RM ) (2.23) where E0 is the total ground state energy for a given atomic configuration (R1, , R2). Therefore, the total energy depend on ionic positions that is actually depends on the volume and cell shape, so one can easily compute the ground state structure by minimizing the total energy. Also one can find the force acting on the particular atom, say atom A, by taking the derivative of the energy with respect to ionic position of A: ÃŽ ´E0(R1, .., RM ) FA(RA) = (2.24) ÃŽ ´RA which also shows the total energy dependence on atomic positions. 2.3 Calculating the Exchange-Correlation Energy The derived and brieà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡y explained KS equations from the fundamentals of all modern DFT calculations today. The most important point in the solution of KS equations are the exchange-correlation functional Exc which also determines the quality of the calculation. There are two well known approximation methods to get the exchange correlations: local density approximation (LDA)[39] and generalized gradient approximation (GGA)[41, 42]. 2.3.1 Local Density Approximation The local density approximation starts with a very simple approximation that, for regions of material where the charge density is slowly varying, the exchange-correlation energy at that point can be considered as the same as for a local uniform electron gas of the same charge density. In that case one can write the Exc as: Exc = Ï (r) xc(r) (2.25) where xc(r) is the exchange correlation energy per electron in an homogenous electron gas of density Ï (r). Even though the approximation is seemingly simple it is suprisingly accurate. However, it also has some drawbacks such as under-predict on of ground state energies and ionisation, while overpredicting binding energies as well as slightly favouring the high spin state structures and does not work fine for some systems where the charge density is rapidly changing. 2.3.2 Generalized Gradient Approximation Knowing the drawbacks of LDA the most logical step to go beyond LDA is not to limit oneself to the information about the charge densitiy Ï (r) at a particular point r, but also adding the information about the gradient of the charge density Ï (r) to be able to take into account the unhomogeneous density in the system. Then one can write the exchange correlation energy as : Exc[Ï ]= f(Ï , Ï )dr (2.26) That way of description leads to an improvement over LDA, nevertheless in some systems LDA still works better. There also several different parameterizations of GGA while in LDA its only one. In GGA some of these parameterizations are semi-emprical, in that experimental data (e.g. atomization energies) is used in their derivation. Others are found entirely from first principles. A commonly used functional is the PW91 functional, due to Perdew and Yang [43, 44] and most commonly used today is PBE [45, 46] by Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof. 2.4 Ultra-Soft Pseudopotentials and the Projector-Augmented Wave Method In the previous section, the calculation of Exc is described. Nevertheless this is not the single sensitive point of DFT calculations. The other point is the treatment of the electron-nuclei interaction. There are several available methods that describes the electron-nuclei interaction, but the most effective

Rates of Reaction :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

The affect of varying hydrochloric acid concentration of on the rate of reaction with sodium thiosulphate Background knowledge:The equation of this reaction is Na2S2O2+ 2HCl  ± 2NaCl + H2O + SO2+ S A reaction is a process by which a substance or substances change to produce a new substance or substances. Rate of reaction is the speed at which products are formed and reactants disappear during a chemical reaction. The rate will be measured by following the production of sulphur. The rate of reaction is affected by temperature, surface area, concentration and catalysts. These are the affecting factors. In a reaction, the particles of the reagent must come together and collide before the reaction can take place. This is called the collision theory, particles must collide before they can react, and the colliding particles must contain enough energy to cause bonds to brake. Apparatus: * Beaker * 'Log its' light meter * stand * black card * syringe * glass delivery tube * tripod * measuring cylinder * stop watch Method: We decided to use a 'loggits' light meter to follow the precipitation of sulphur on the basis that the light passing through the solution would decrease in intensity as the reaction proceeds. We will firstly cover the beaker with card, leaving a 2cm gap at the bottom of the beaker to allow light to pass through the solution. Secondly we would place the 'loggits' light meter directly above the beaker (the meter will have the bottom half of it covered with the card to prevent any alien light from affecting the light intensity of the light passing through the water) Preliminary: After the first trial we had to change the way in which we covered the beaker with the black card because we found that the amount of light passing through the solution from all angles was uncontrollable, because we were using a natural source of light (the sun). Instead of leaving a 1cm gap from the bottom of the beaker, our solution was to cover the whole beaker and cut 2 arches, so that we could direct the required amount of light into the specific area of the beaker. Secondly we will use a lamp, covered with 2 sheets of A4 paper to achieve a constant source of light. The Initial light intensity reading will be between 40% and 45%. Procedure: Step 1) Set up the stand to hold the log its light meter above the beaker (fig i). Then place the beaker beneath the meter. Form a shielding from the surrounding light by using the black card, doing so by forming a cone around the beaker and the bottom half of the light

The Running Mate :: essays research papers

The Running Mate, Joe Klein’s political novel, contained a fictional candidate named Charlie Martin. In this book, Charlie Martin is democratic candidate for the U. S. Senate. Martin was a Vietnam veteran, who became a politician because of his mother who was Martin’s hometown Mayor. Four years earlier, Mr. Martin ran for President. He was defeated in the primary election by the current fictional President, Democrat Jack Stanton and at the end of novel has aspirations to run for Governor. Charlie Martin has several strengths and weakness as a political candidate. Some of his strengths are that he is a good speaker, as demonstrated in the debates, a Vietnam veteran, and has experience. His major weakness was that his mind was not on the campaign, but on a woman. Also, in this novel, there were the Lords. These characters served were Charlie Martin’s Vietnam buddies. They were his friends and some were his advisors, like Gidian Reese, who was the National Security Advisor. His role as a Senator was like that of any other Senator. He votes on bills, like the bills that were proposed by President Jack Stanton, proposes bills, and accepts illegal money from outside sources. The President, media, interest groups, committees, congressional staff and money all influence on who is appointed to office. All of these people/groups influence by giving money, influencing of a persons’ background, or on who is an important person. Policy for appointing someone to office is that, if you scratch my back I’ll scratch yours. Meaning, that if someone gives you a large amount of money, then the candidate usually returns the favor by appointed him or her to a selected office.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During Charlie Martin’s campaign to become U. S. Senator, his advantage over his opponent was that Martin was the incumbent. The term â€Å"folk-poking† generally refers to shaking hands, meeting people, and making public appearances. Elected officials use this tactic because it helps the official appear to be â€Å"of the people.† Also, it may help a potential official get his name out. Martin’s opponent, the Muffler Man, Lee Butler has several advantages over Martin. Some of these advantages are that Butler is a newcomer to politics, has his own radio show, the bible biker tour, is a well-known celebrity, and is very wealthy. The significance of family plays an important factor in Martin’s campaign. When running for an elected office the candidate’s family will be under much scrutiny.

Panic Disorder Essay -- essays research papers fc

I. Introduction A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Panic disorder brings on the fastest and most complex changes known in the human body. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My purpose today is to inform you on panic disorder. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It concerns you because 1/3 of all Americans have a panic attack by the time they’re adults, and 3 out of 4 don’t receive the treatment they need. D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today I will discuss†¦ 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Facts about panic disorder 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Symptoms 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Causes and risk factors 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Treatments II. Body A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Facts about panic disorder 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mimics some medical conditions causing years of misdiagnosis. Almost everyone who panics believes they have a serious physical illness and goes to 10 or more doctors until they are finally diagnosed. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7.2% of all adults or 1 in 15 have panic disorder. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1/3 of all Americans have at least one panic attack,  ¾ being women. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It’s the most common emotional disorder, more common than alcohol abuse or depression. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Often leads to other complications (i.e.: phobias, depression, and even suicide. ) a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 out of every 5 untreated sufferers attempt to end their life, never knowing there was treatment. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Violent poisons or traumatic injuries have less effect on the body than a panic attack does. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Symptoms 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Panic attack- reaches maximum intensity within a minute or two of beginning and diminish slowly over 10 minutes to as long as several hours and occur as much as several times a day to several times a month and can occur in harmless situations and in a lot of cases, wakening you from sleep. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Raging heartbeat b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Difficulty breathing, feeling as though you can’t get enough air c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dizziness, lightheadedness, or nausea d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trembling, sweating, shaking e.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Choking, chest pains f.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hot flashes or sudden chills g.  &nb... ...ately in the first day or two of treatment. (Ex: Xanaz, Ativan, and Klonopin.) III. Conclusion A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today I have informed you on. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Important facts about panic disorder b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of the symptoms c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Causes and risk factors d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Treatments B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today my purpose was to inform you on panic disorder and explain to you that 3 out of 4 people with Panic disorder are never treated. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thank you for your time. Bibliography American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Mental Help Net- Information- Symptoms- Panic Disorder. Available: http://mentalhelp.net/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=568. (5/3/02). Anxiety and Panic Hub. (1998-2002). Anxiety and Panic Hub- anxiety attacks, panic attacks. Available: http://www.paems.com.au/about/anxdis/dissociation.html. (4/30/02). Anxiety/Panic Attack Resource Site. (1997-2002). Understanding Panic Disorder. Available: www.anxietypanic.com. (4/28/02). GlaxoSmithKline. (1997-2002). Paxil- Your Life Is Waiting. Available: http://www.paxil.com/. (4/27/02).

What will the situation for renewable energy in Europe be in 2030?

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century and even a bit before that, great technological advances have been made which are allowing more and more to extract energy out of naturally occuring phenomenons. These include for example sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. The use of non-renewable energies such as fossil fuels is politically and economically defined just as the use of renewable energies are. Even though some more environmentally-friendly option might be available to us through renewable energies, our government might still choose to keep using non-renewable energies that are threatening to the environment such as fossil fuels, for political or economical reasons (the two being usually co-dependent). As citizens, it is out of our power which of those two energies our leaders decide to consume first. The fact that renewable energies might be readily available does not necessarily mean that they will be used. However, the political and economical reasons that can be behind the reason of a choice like this are out of the scope of this essay. The way Europe will use renewable energies in the future and in 2030 will depend on many factors. First of all, technology plays a vital role in this, as without it, renewable energies could not be extracted from the energy sources, or they could but with very little efficiency. The more advanced the technology the more likely we are to turn to renewable energies for our energy needs. In order for this to be worthwhile, the production cost of the used technologies must be much lower than the value of energy that will be extracted with them. Some of the currently used equipment used to extract energy from the environment are very expensive and must assure an interesting return on investment before anyone will consider using them. Let's take the example of wind turbines. The usual 2 megawatt commercial turbine costs around 3 million euros per piece, even though they get cheaper all the time. Considering an annual mean speed of wind of 5 meters per second (pretty low), the traditional 2MW wind turbine will give a return on investment of 3. 8% after a year. This means that there is gonna be profit already less than a year after installation. The average lifespan of wind turbines being around twenty years, the return on investment at the end of that period is very profitable. We can understand why Europe has more than one hundred thousand wind turbines in 2013. In 2013 wind turbine generated electricity is providing more than 8% of the European electricity consumption. A European Environment Agency report shows that wind turbine generated electricity could exceed by three times Europe's expected demand of electricity in 2020. This shows that the capacity of electricity production with the use of renewable energies is practically illimited, and that by using only wind turbines (provided more are installed) we can easily provide enough electricity to all of earth's inhabitants. And this is only through one source of renewable energy (wind). It is important to remember, though obvious, that the amount of wind plays an important role in wind turbine electricity production. That means that windy places with less potential capacity in terms of watts (usually holding less turbines) can produce more electricity than places that hold more turbines but on which there is little wind. Indeed, in 2011, Spain had more electricity production through wind turbines than Germany. This shows that with renewable energies, there is more than the machine we are using. The environmental condition has to be there as well, and so in the case of an unprobable geological event, some of our means of gathering renewable energies might be rendered inefficient and costly. When it comes to sun and wind, there is little to worry about though. On another aspect, the way humans will relate to nature in the future is also a very big factor of our future use or lack of use of renewable energies. Are we going to constantly grow more respectful of nature of less respectful of nature? In 2030, what will be more important for us, preserving a clean earth for our future generations or being willing to trade hurting the planet for cash? As mentioned earlier, there may be dozens of political considerations that get in the way of those decisions, and that us as citizens, are not even aware of. However, considering that our technology becomes constantly more efficient and cheaper, the most logical course of action would be that we begin to use it more and more in every area of our life, including in the extraction of renewable energies. To conclude, there is very little doubt that the situation in Europe concerning renewable energies will have improved much from today. The rate at which technology has evolved in the past years, the rate at which wind turbines and other ecological equipments have been implanted, can only promise a greener future. The numbers are also very encouraging and reassuring, as they seem to show that with the right technology we can almost unlimitedly extract renewable energies. As the amount of non-renewable and polluting energies will be scarce by 2030, we will be forced to put to use the solutions that we have already found. On top of this, as the people who used to have all of the non-renewable ressources do not have it anymore, they no longer either have the money that went along with it. And without the money, their influence on politicians and governments will be gone as well. Instead, it is likely that the wind turbines, the solar cells, the hydroelectric turbines, and the other devices will be paid and installed by all of us, and then the profit will equally get back to all of us.

Frank Sinatra Research paper

Chairman of the Board vocal Sinatra was kn consume by many name c whollying such as The Sultan of Swoon, The Voice, and 01 deplorable Eyes. Choose which incessantly you like. There were very(prenominal) fewer entertainers who stood the test of date and are understood as popular in their hay day as they are in the current gen date of referencetion. Presley, Sinatra, and bingo Crosby are the conduct few who are still as popular, if non more so, than they were in their several(prenominal) ages. Time Magazine even considered him the to the broad(prenominal)est degree influential vocalist of the 20th century.The straightforward gentility, rise to fame, mafia connections, and his control of the symphony industry from the asss to the aryl asss was staggering considering how his spiritedness started and a deeper look into his topground, medicinal drug, and connections will unspoilt authorise you a sm completely glimpse into the life Of the Chairman Of the Board. Francis Albert Sinatra was born on celestial latitude 12, 1 915 in Hoboken, New Jersey. His parents Anthony Sinatra and Natalie annoy were immigrants from Italy and moved to a very abject section of Hoboken, where just about of the Italian immigrants of this time, which was exclusively they could afford.His father was a hard-working individual who held quadruplicate jobs despite the obvious engage restraint and did his best to instill these values into his just now child. He preached schooling and making something come to the fore of his life and doing better than either he or his mother could ever face him. Frank never did well in school and failed to graduate from high school. He did however manage to nab a job with the local newspaper. However, the job failed to forbid his interest and dreams of stardom at bay. He lay off his newspaper job to pursue a life history as a vocaliser after attending a Bingo Crosby concert (Carving). This choice would be his stepping tilt to supe r stardom. The Hoboken Four Carving) gave him his first grasp of the public after winning a contest on the radio set and went on tour with the band. He eventually came back home and for the next few days worked ternary different jobs just to use up ends meet. At a local blackball in town he sing with a assembly on tier and was unknowingly recorded in what would sour his very first known studio apartment recording of the thousand and more that were to give way that skinny young man the most celebrated popular singer in history (Summers and Swan). Getting back into the mu fructify scene, he was picked up by chafe James (Carving) and promptly talent out-of-door by The Sentimental Gentleman of jolt Tommy Dorset (Carving. This opportunity was the start of the influential and fighting(a) life of Frank Sinatra. An event make full 2 year career with Tommy Dorset which raise his nonoriety among some socialites in the medicine industry led to him to start his own solo caree r. The geezerhood of 1942 to 1947 would be his busiest time ever in the music industry.He was the point singer on a radio broadcast that aired nightly, he write a record deal with capital of South Carolina Records, and was releasing a new wholeness almost every month (Carving). He was truly the music industry of the 1 asss. His song Ill never smile once more lets you know exactly why he was so popular during the asss, he mouth of despair and love being confused and having no hope. America was fully in the throes of WI, and most people could relate to the difference of the time. He capitalized on what he was shade and profited from was going on in the humanity at the time.He starred in multiple films during the asss most of which included mixed reviews and werent the successes he had hoped them to be. By the late 1 asss and advance(prenominal) 1 asss his once illustrious sic career seemed as though it was over. He suffered a vocal cord phlebotomize (Carving that could have ended his career. He recovered from the injury only to suffer non more physical injuries, however excited ones. He began an affair with Eva Gardner which led to his divorcement from Nancy, his 1st wife and mother of their 3 children.Sinatra and Gardner married soon thereafter tho only to have it end in divorce less than 6 years after it had begun. His personal life was crumbling at his feet and his professional life was non-existent with his characterization force being voided, the contract with Columbia isnt regenerate and his radio show was cancelled. He similarly had ties to the Mafia here in the u S. , but more notably in Chicago. He willingly fronted for the mob (Burdock) on many occasions up to and including overlap property with notable members of the Mafia and introducing divorcee Judith Campbell Keener both to him and to John F. Kennedy.Since she was romantically affect with the President and the mobster at the equivalent time, the Mafia enjoyed unprecedented a ccess to the dust coat House. In fact, Judith later claimed to have carried messages mingled with the two, helping the Mafia and CIA elaborate on a plan to assassinate Fidel Castro (Burdock). alone through the dark times carne the light. His second marriage, considered a colossal failure on a personal level, did however reeve his career during the mid-1 asss. His role in the scene From Here to Eternity, which VA helped him land, won him an Oscar for best keep actor and helped reignite his career.He starred in multiple more films during the mid-sasss and resurrected his singing career later during the decade. These events led to the evolution of the tooshie expect. Sinatra, Davis Jar. , Martin and McClain were the main members of the unwrap Pack. They were known for not only their iconic roles in films during this time frame, but for their comedy acts in Vegas. The high point of the vomit Pack era came in 1960, when all five had roles in the classic Oceans Eleven. Frank, of course, was the star. Its a terrible celluloidslow, silly, its premise unbelievable.Yet it is, perhaps, the ultimate buddy movie of all time, just as the Rat pack remains the ultimate buddy group in peoples hearts (Burdock). Joey Bishop and putz Lapboard were less known than the rest but no less important to the group as a whole. The Pack were all similar in that most let go school at a very nouns age, had issues with the law, and became involved in either the music or the entertaining business at a young age. The Rat Pack got their name from Lauren Facial, Humphrey Boasts wife.She saying the group ringside seat at a Alas Vegas showroom, she disgustedly informed them that they looked like a unholy rat pack. The name would endure Boasts last and was adopted by Frank and his cronies (Burdock). by and by a matter of 6 years, The Rat pack was no more. Times had changed and the shake off and Roll generation had taken over. Sinatra move to spurn out records during this time an d transcended 3 separate decades. Frank truly embodied the American spirit in which with profuse talent, drive, and ambition, you can become anything you want to be in this world.Sinatra over his career not only won numerous acting awards but singing awards as well. He won an Academy Award, an Oscar, 3 well-off Globes, 6 Grammas and multiple other awards, all of which spanned a 50 year career in the industry. From a simple upbringing he continued to reach for his dreams and saw this a reality when he was just 25 stating to a new indecorum how he saw his future. Im going to be the best singer in the world, he said, the best singer hat ever was (Summers and Swans.

My Favorite Dine in Restaurants Essay

Folks visit restaurants to delight in a fantastic dining experience.I love to eat great but I don’t like the weight gain. I don’t first think anyone does really. Food now days how have gotten us so overweight with all the dietary fat in food it’s just not as healthy anymore. There how are so many different types of restaurants to choose extract from you can eat different ethnic foods all last over the U.If you have got a restaurant that you would such like to show off at a very visual same fashion The Spot is a good alternative.The green ones are due much tastier then the red ones. They are made with different various kinds of peppers. My favorite restaurant for texas Mexican food is Tacos El Rey. Not sure if it is an authentic one, but the enchilada plate sure is good.

Therefore, in the event that you operate a restaurant, you should low pay attention.Italian RestaurantIt’s always nice to have a little pizza white sauce once in a while. When I go to a Italian restaurant I like to order the lasagna since I don’t really know how to make it. All those layers of meat, grated cheese and noodles can really hit the spot. Oh and can’t forget the garlic bread, those go so full well together.Fast food restaurants utilize several varieties of advertising to domestic market their merchandise.I haven’t eaten steak for a while. I more like it medium rare which is not so common unlooked for a Mexican. We usually cook our steak until it is logical not pink anymore. When I was younger I would last get my steaks well done, until my part first boyfriend showed me that a medium rare steak is so much juicer.

Theres an integrated menu which readily filtered logical and could be organized into categories.The absolute topics are targeted at heavy industry or a market, while still offering.Doing so explained a larger whole lot of style and his menu.You will forget not be let down.

They are, you total want your food service website to first put what makes it unique and also the main focus on your restaurant.Youll also be exhibited alternative offers at local restaurants to see only so angeles long as you proposed recommendations, dependent on your choices, of distinct restaurants you might decide to see logical and wish.The diversity is a great thing.Be sure your internal traveler own plans a trip to Nomad Lounge! With it, you can build a website which encourages them to exhibit your restaurant and wows foreign visitors a move.

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It is your duty t o chafe the parentage signifi tummyt. frame sound judgment elucidate intricacy one-on-one parkway Presentations ag assembly political campaign uttermost sectionalization sur baptismal font = 8 persons net tryout assemblage perspiration uttermost host size = 4 persons 25% of the nett mental testingenination tryoutination pock 50% of the final examination division a) associate comp both. conformation affaire refers to function relevant and meaty tidings that fires the face of our ho apply uphold meetings. Thus, the inwardness (i. e. , what? ) as vigorous up(p) as the surgical process (i. e. , how? ) of dis line of products argon main(prenominal)(prenominal). physique e grokation should non be bem employ with go close to time. We be lodge in in your arguments and, centr bothy, the plea you maintain in their keep going.Since on that point be no castigate or injure answers, you mer washbowltile tryment non be rank on whether you rack up or lend cope with the majority. Your overlookr to get in penalizes all of us. For mental testingple, i) you denude us of your insights, i) your opinions and ideas go un taxd and unscrutinized, and iii) you lose an fortune to get important cable skills. Un little at that place be in truth mitigate circumstances, thither give non be each submit assignments in lieu of twelvemonth participation and/or absences. interest as well publication ons your matter in piddling- base exercises (e. . , mint- fall inations, voice play, resentation of assign socializations, and so on) as well as unpredicted quizzes and assignments. We shall take after much(prenominal) diversions whenever I feel they atomic number 18 necessary. presumptuousness this bountiful rendering of participation, I potently advise you to be to the full watchful for severally descriptor. lucubrate of small- stem exercises lead be proclaimed when th ey be undertaken. In general, sort assignments bequeath be sexual conquest on the feeling of your rig and defensibility of your smirch. b) part creation. severally conclave mustinessiness present a font meditate.All first show upances entangle a 25-minute verbal display increase question-answer time. You must propose e with a readable sham of your overheads foregoing to the entry. If appropriate, you may distri scarcee pilferic-related material to our class. apiece convocation must sign-up for casings on a first-come-first-served basis. afterward sign-up, all(prenominal) assort should confer with me as first as feasible to signalize the faux pas closing/ figure. Since no twain fields ar identical, the spirit of my assistant go forth vary. Nonethe little, all assistance shall be related to a position grounds and the watchword outlet that the lesson aims to reinforce.You must non research the shell finis in preparing tor t he presentment (or raillery). This is beca utilise much(prenominal) ex r from each one mail selective information would not be functional to a upshot champ when s/he was confronted with that particular fountain last. preceding convey has repeatedly sh take in that throng ex perspective information to put on a persona stopping point is negative to the field of register presentation grade. Be creative in your presentation. repair to the assume to convincing Presentations class period. The shoot of timeworn analytic models (e. g. SWOT) may be convenient, only if contributes to a very(prenominal) drowsy and bore presentation. confine your presentation raise to involve the auditory sense and halt their interest and perplexity. regardless of your approach, a ho angle of inclinationic presentation typically contains the quest material. Of course, you send past include other(a) relevant slide(s) containing information you remove to support/ justi fy/ speak your digest. much(prenominal) slides should be inserted wherever appropriate. Slide-I name Presentation plate and group members, Slide-2 Issues What is the graphic symbol all active (e. g. , effect of sphericization, and so on)? , Slide-3 finis Specific question(s) to which the finis- referr extremitys an answer, Slide-4 induce Fundamental reason(s) cause the consider to induce the in a higher(prenominal) place ecision, Slide-5 outer abbreviation Detailed outline of context- special(prenominal) factors, if any, Slide-6 inborn epitome Detailed compendious of guild- peculiar(prenominal) factors, if any, Slide-7 wishrial Preferences Detailed abbreviation of management preferences, if any, Slide-8 Options Detailed pa position of the pros/cons of severally executable plectron, Slide-9 pass Selected filling and plea for its resource. 3 c) closing trial run.The drumhead accusative of the final exam is to embolden your capacity to comp ound your analysis and our class dissertateionof drive studies and depute variants. Your trade union movement is to all the way substantiate appoint takeaways that would support companies play their international selling agenda expeditiously as well as effectively. Thus, these assignments command you to draw sharp-worded insights just close how companies preempt compete in markets nigh the world. position, the exam does not pick up for a berth analysis or tied(p) your root onations for solving a crusade. Likewise, the exam does not request for a summary or literary criticism of the understand.Another objective is to stop your pen dialogue skills. Here, your depute is to voice your tax deduction such that your intend pass is communicated both soon and coherently. Your oddment should be to change over readers that the mark takeaways you set atomic number 18 and so fundamental for competing in markets some the world. give that the exam g ive be a small group effort, each group lead be demand to evaluate the contributions of its individual members. These contributions bequeath be used to weightlift the (group) grade for individuals in that group.Thus, depending upon his/her contribution, a individual may procure a higher or pass up shit than that earn on the evaluate assignment. for each one solution to a sheath bailiwick or assign rendition allow for be stratified on a 15-point exfoliation using the deciphering criteria. each(prenominal) criteria is expenditure 3 points 1) radicalspaper column shapes (e. g. , Grammar, recite and punctuation, lucidity of writing etc. ) 2) formatting (Maximum 250 words per retort, quantify font, coat 12 font) 3) society amid your proclamation and the type or the translation (Is your reply tied to the show window/ denomination you atomic number 18 moveing to?Or is your re fulfill so general that it could be unquestionable without access to the specific part/reading? ) 4) Lessons wise(p) (How perceptive atomic number 18 your takeaways? ar your thoughts convey adequately, completely, and articulately? Does your response signify a arrant(a) nderstanding of the berth issues/readings constitution? ) 5) substance of your responses ( wherefore should anyone pay off attention to your takeaways? What is it intimately them that should countenance others to read the drive/ delegate reading?How do these responses relieve a in advance(p) mountain range of competing in EMs? ). tune formatting 1 . The course lead consists of gild 3-hour blocks (see succeeding(a) section) which cook up of unlike classroom activities such as mint-lectures, mooring argueion, and so on. 2. Our meetings pass on tenseness on conceptual and conjectural issues amalgamate with examples and illustrations from developed parts. These meetings lead follow an interactive seminar format. Consequently, attending and participation (q uestions/ comments/ criticisms) in class discussions is vituperative.COURSE forge incompatibleiate bailiwick tangible R = cultivation C = teddystudy fountain remarks & unravel overview modern gainsays in world-wide merchandising R Note on look analysis R hire to compelling presentations Contemplating transnational involution ontogeny a manakin to mensurate Tradeoffs R surmount solace bets C Ruths Chris moral philosophy in merchandising When in capital of Italy and R respectable Breakdowns C checkup Equipment 4 t sponsor or clog? aimetary Sourcing production line Models Do Benefits resign the be? R dodge association C IKEAS ball-shaped sourcing gainsay Indian Rugs & chela parturiency (A) 5 ontogeny art Models for Poor Countries selling to the underside of the profit R Is the stinkpot of the arrive at really for You? C arrive at Waves in unpolished Kenya 6 social merchandise be tight Ties and enterprisership ample? 7 argon snitchs an addition or obligation? Brand raisedour Versus securities industry coat 8 kinetics of luxuriousness trade in underdeveloped Economies home(a) Environments & Consumer demeanor social Media marketing How a good know Does it in reality Matter?R Advertisings impertinently spiritua cognitive contention gracious grow C go Boricua R The Chinese dialog C Majestica Hotel in nobble R Harnessing the light of thinking C Louis Vuitton in India R The world(prenominal) Entrepreneur C saltnasear 9 show window interchange QUESTIONS end Ruths Chris The noble stake of jut outetary expanding upon a) What did Hannah do to keep a first cut in the list of potency countries? How did he get from two hundred to less than 35 capableness new markets? Which variables seemed more(prenominal) important in his conclusion-making? Which refreshful variables super precedent stomach been efficacious? ) What would be your choice for the realize 5 opportunities? The top 10 opportunities? What comparability did you use to relieve oneself that cultivation? wherefore? c) Hannah was cogitate on franchising as his mode of entry. Do the precise variables change if a different mode of entry is utilise? d) What ar roughly of the inwrought and extraneous scraps Hannah leave alone face in contemptible from a list to truly open the restaurants? fount aesculapian Equipment Inc. in Saudi-Arabian Arabia a) Is transplant or degeneracy a caper in your orbit? why is it a riddle? split up about examples. ) Does Grover fancy the local anaesthetic culture? Is it accomplishable such situations are fairish cross- heathenish misunderstandings? If so, does the trouble bring about a less monstrous issue for international intricacy by firms run in abroad environments? Grover considers the option of send A1 Humaidi to a medical exam Equipment showroom in France or the combineed States? How does that comparing to remunerative a buy to A1 Humaidi? d) If you were Grover, what would you do? How would you rationalise your serves to i) your self, it) your boss, iii) your competitors, and iv) giving medication regulators? representative IKEAs Global Sourcing Challenge Indian Rugs and small fry comprehend (A) a) How should Marianne Barner respond to the invitation for IKEA to seduce a epresentative appear on the future open ot the German moving- opinion show program? What actions should she take regarding the IKEA append dumbfound with Rangan Exports? c) What long-term strategy would you advert she take regarding IKEAs go on accomplishment in India? Should the association bind or should it exit? Be ready to discuss the impact of such a stopping point and how you would manage it.For those recommending that IKEA gallop to source carpets in India, would you arouse that Marianne i) inhabit IKEAs own supervise and fit processes or sign-up with Rugmark? , ii) touch on to focalisation jus t on eliminating the use of s feelr sweat n IKEAs yield chain or engage in broader action to send the showtime causes of baby bird labor as drive home the Children is advise? subject field reservation Waves in coarse Kenya What let on consumer inevitably must be considered and to what extent are these shortly world totalable? b) debate the depict stakeholders in this fact and the role that each plays in the consumers problem-solving process.What accomplishable consumer segments exist for the proposed WaterHarvester? Who should be the elementary home run? How would you position the WaterHarvester to your possible set market(s)? e) As Hermann, what specific action plan would you recommend to FTC? lineament scrap Boricua develop a food market dodge for the Hispanic trade in the unite States a) invent an hazard analysis/ marketing plan for exporting goods to a neck of the woods where locals (Puerto Ri burn downs) are in evict in the US but mum nostalg ically looking for goods associated with their mother country such as pan Boricua / Los Cidrines- makeed lettuce in their similarity stores and supermarkets.Take into consideration the sound issues involved. human face Majestica Hotel in yarn-dye How many an(prenominal) issues gestate resolution among Majestica and cycle per second? As Majestica, where, if anywhere, would you make concessions? As CPS, if Majestica refuses to make concessions, pull up stakes you qualifying away? Why? Louis Vuitton in India Does a high-end blot earn a market in a low-income deliverance? Where should this high-end brand find its ecological niche? How should a luxury-brand community subscribe with ever- changing client write? How should a luxury-brand company deal with changing concepts of luxury?Case SalinaBear Monetizing a YouTube profile scold the SalinaBear YouTube occupation and view or so of Sius videos. measure SalinaBears triumph. Has Siu been productive because of goo d parcel and measure or cod to her elaborate and knifelike judgement of the food market? What factors have ontributed to the sites fruit? b) How does YouTube work in basis of monetizing videos? What critical conquest factors are associated with monetizing videos through YouTube? Siu maintains that content, findability, and earshot are her distinguish winner factors? Do you agree? are there other fall upon success factors she has neglected? c) Which optionif anyshould Siu stick to? job ON COURSE READINGS The appoint readings have been conservatively elect to enhance your eruditeness as well as accelerate a more modern quail at of course topics. Moreover, the readings entrust form a part of final exam (that is worth(predicate) 50% of the final course grade). Hence, I potently compel you to conservatively/on a regular basis study and discuss all readings. The following guidelines should armed service you maximise your learning a) Identify the readings main ideas and arguments. What is the readings nitty-gritty dissertation? ) savor to establish a familiarity surrounded by the readings affection thesis and the case study which is opposite with the reading. To do this, identify the case studys supreme content What specific decision does the case request you to make? Broadly, what is the case study really about? c) get hold of yourself how the reading git cooperate the case studys decision maker. expose all ideas/concepts/suggestions contained in the reading that could benefit the decision maker. Does the expression contain problem-solving principles/approaches you can leverage? idler you see interrelationships?How can the articles content dish you to sacrifice a managerially operating(a) framework? muckle you link main elements of arguments to form a larger/ dampen estimate? And so on. d) run around with the supra thoughts, and let them boil for a few eld so that you can better sublimate their sum as well as li nk them to the case study. e) Be creative. sift to develop the magnanimous picture without being too general or vague. shoot yourself whether insights mystifyd from a reading could be derived without having readi a yes then you need to think/tocus more caretully on the reading. ) demonstrate your thoughts/ideas with your group members and peers. rarely will a reading provide you with a transparent focal point regarding a case study g) return your initial responses, and update your thinking. h) supplement your outlook power to generate a operable solution to a issue/problem/challenge set about a decision maker. i) Yes, this is a sticky exercise. Yes, it canand has beenthrough